Weights of a Cubic Foot. Metals. Groceries. WEIGHT OF A CUBIC FOOT. Substance. Lbs. Oz. 709 .58 13 2,529 70 ....625 30 482 377 Platina ...........1,218 12 1.203 10 547 Brass ...... 543 12 Zinc ...... ........428 13 The value of a ton of pure gold is $602.799.21. The value of a ton of silver is $37.704.84. *$1,000,000 gold coin weigh 3.685.8 lbs. avordupois. +$1,000.000 silver coin weigh 58.929.9 lbs, avordupois. 20 Degrees of heat above zero at which substances melt. Deg, .3,479 3,080 2,590 2,500 1,900 1,250 .951 .421 91 00 Miscellaneous. Substance. Lbs. (2. Taking shellbark hickory as 72 69 Animal. Yrs. Whale, estima'd... 100 Elephant..........400 Swan. .800 Tortoise... ..100 Eagle ..... 1..100 Raven... ..100 Camel. 100 .740 .594 ..865 Woods, Rates of Speed Degrees of cold above zero at 43 30 Earth, Stone, &c. Substance. Lbs. Oz. Italian Marble.... 169 Vermont Marble.165 Window Glass....165 Common Stone... 157 Moist Sand.... ... 128 120 Brick ... Mortar ..... ...... 109 Mud.... 101 Loose Earth...... 93 Lehigh Coil, loose,56 Lackawanna, loose,48 10 Substance. Lbs. Oz. .......49 ......46 13 ory.43 Olive Oil. the following freeze: A Clay .......... PER HOUR. Miles. 118 a Quantity of Seed to an Acre. Brandy................... Arctic Navigators.....70 Interest. GREEN DRY .8“ .6 “ Honey..............90 ...67 Blood. 65 ......57 Alcohol .. .....49 . Ether.... ...178 306 Ash .... America TABLE OF WAGES; Hours ...... $1.00 $1.50$2.00$2.50$3.00 $3,50$4.00 $4.50$5.00$5.50 $6.00 $6.50$7.00 $7.50 $8.00 $9.00 $10 | $11 | $12 1 .1 1.1% .1% .2 .24 3 1 .334 .3 .46 .4% .5 | .5% 1 .6 1 .6% 1 .6% 7% 834 .9/ 10 1 1.1% 1 .242 | .343 | .44 | .5 | .6 | .6% 1.742 1.841 .9.6 | .10 1.11 1.11% 1.1:24 1.13% 1 .15 | .16% .184 .20 1.34 | .5 | .1% .84 | .10 1.11% 1.134 1.15 1.16% 1.1876 | .20 1.21% 1.23% 1.25 1.26% 1 .30 | .3341 .36% ! .40 1 .5 | .741.10 1.1242 | .15 1.174.1 20 1.221% 21.25 1.2742 | .30 1.3242 | .35 1.37% 1.40 1.45 | .50 1.55 1 60 1.6% 1.10 1.1344 1.16% 1.20 1.2347.25% | .30 1.334 | .303 | .40 1.43% 1.46% 1.50 1.534 | .60 | .66%| .73%) 80 | .84 1.1242 1.16% 1.21 | .25 1.29 61.33361.37%2 1.41% 1.46 | .50 1.5446 | .584 | 6242 | .66% 1.75 1. 894 .91% | 1.00 1.10 1.15 1.20 | 25 T .30 1.35 7.40 1.45 1.50 7.55 | .60 1.65 1.70 7.75 7.80 1.90 | 1.00 11.10 | 1.20 1.11% 1.17% 1.23% 1.296 | .35 1.41 1.46% 1.524 | .58% 1.616 | .70 1.76 1.81% 1.87% 1.93% 1.05 | 1.16% 1.28% | 1.40 1.1344 1.21) 1.25% | .334 | .40 1.46% 1.53% 1.60 7.66% 1.73% 1.80 1.86% 1.93% 11.00 11.06% 1 1.20 | 1.33% 1.46% | 1.60 g 1.15 1.2240 1.30 1.37% 1 .45 1.524, 1.60 1.671% | 75 1.82% 1.90 1.97% 11 05 11.124, 1.20) | 1.35 | 1.50 11.615 | 1.80 ........! | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | .16% 1.25 1.334 | .41% | .50 1.59% 1.06% 1.75 1.83% 1.91% | 1.00 11.08% 11 16% (1.25 11.33% | 1.50 | 1.66%! 1.83% 2.00 2 1.334 | .50) 1.66% 1.83% / 1.00 (1.16% 1.334 1.50 1.66% 1.834 | 2.00 12.16% 2.3325 2.50 12.66% 1 3.00 3.3341 3.66%! 4 00 | .50 1.75 (1.00 11.25 | 1.50 1.75 2.00 12.25 12.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00 14.50 5.00 15.50 16.00 1.663% (1.00 11.334 1 66% | 2.00 12.33% 12.66% 13.00 13.33% 13.66% | 4.00 4.33% 14.66% 15.00 5.33% 1 6.00 | 6.66%) 7.33% 8.00 1.83% 11.25 11.66% 12.084 | 2.50 12.91% 3.33% 3.75 14.16% 14.594 | 5.00 15.41% 15.83% 16.25 16.66% | 7.50 | 8.334 9.16% 10.00 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 | 8.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 15.50 16.00 16.50 17.00 17.50 18.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 EXPLANATION. The large figures at the top of the columns show the rate per week, 1 headed by $8.00, where we find 13% cents, the equivalent of one hour's while the smaller figures indicate the amount per hour or per day. Thus labor at $8.00 per week. In like manner we find the price of several hours, if it is desired to find the amount per hour when working for $8.00 per one day, or several days. week, we commence with the figure 1, in the left hand column under the To tind wages at $13, $14, $15, $16, or more, per week, find the head of "hours," and trace towards the right till we reach the column 1 amount at $6.50, $7, $7.50, $8, etc., and multiply by 2. POPULATION AND GROWTH OF THE UNITED STATES. 1860. POPULATION 1938 Miles Bibi | STATES 92 STATES Area in POPULATION. STATES Miles R R. AND square AND square TERRITORIES. Miles. 1860. | 1870. 1875. 1862. 1872. TERRITORIES. Miles. 1860. I 1870. 1875. 1862. 1872. States. States. 805 1,671 Pennsylvania... 3,006 5.113 Arkansas... 52,198 435,450 484,471 381 25 Rhode Island. 108136 Califoruía ..... 188.981 379,994 560.247 23 1,013 South Carolina.. 973) 1.201 Connecticut. 4.674 460,147 537.454 630 820 Tennessee..... 45,600 1,109.801 1.258.520 1,253 1,320 Delaware 2.120 112,216 125,015 127 2:27 Texas. 451 805 Florida .. 59,268 140,424 187.748. 402 466 Vermont.. 512 675 Georgia. 53.000 1,057,286 1.184.109 1.4202.108|| Virginia ..... 40.904 1.219.630 1,225,163 1,379 1,490 Illinois ..... 55,410 1,711.951 2,539.891 2.998 5.904 West Virginia 361 485 Indiana. 33.809 1,350,428 1.680,637 2.175 3.529 Wisconsin. 53.924 775.881 1,054,670 961 1.125 Iowa....... 55,045674.913 1,191.792 1,350,544731 3,160 Kansas 81.313! 107,209 864.399 528,349 ... 1.760 Total States ....... 1,950,171 31,183,744 38,113,253 32,120 59,587 Kentucky 37.600 1,155.684 1,321.011 567 1,123 Louisiana .. 41.346708.012726 915 857,039 355539 Territories. Maine....... 31.776 628.279 626,9151 505 871 Arizona.. 113,916 9,658 408) 820 Colorado*... 392 Massachusetts 7.800 1,231,066'1.457,351 1.651.912 1,2851 606 Dakotah... 147,490 4837 14,181 Michigan'... 56,451 749,113 1,184.059 1,334,031 833 2,235 District of Columbia 75,080 131,700 Minnesota.... 83,531 172,023 439.706 598,429... .. 1,612 Idaho........ 90.932 14,999 Mississippi.. 47.156 791,305! 827.9221.. Montana.... 20.595 838 2,580 New Mexico 121,201 93.516 91.874 Nebraska..... 75,995 28.841 123 993 246,280 ...... 828 80,056 40,2731 86,786 375 Nevada ........... 112.090 6.857|| 42.491 52,540 ...... 593 Washington.... 69.944 11,594 23.955 New Hampshire. 9.280 326.0.3 218.300 ..16611 790 Wyoming... 93.107......... *498 New Jersey.... 8.9201 672 035 906,096 1.026.502 633 1.265 New Yorl..... 47.000 3,880.735 4,3 2,759 4,705,208 2.728 1,470 Total Territories.. 964,982 259,577 442, 730 1,265 North Carolina.. 50.704 992.622 1.071.361 937 1,190 Ohio...... 39.964 2,339,5112,665,260 3.100 3,740|| Aggregate of the U.S. 2,915,203 31,443,321 38.555,983/00,000,000/32, 120 60,852 Oregon ....... 95,244 62,46590,923 4 1591 . Included in the Railroad Milage of Maryland. *Last Census of Michigan taken in 1874. ** Colorado admitted to the Union as a state, Aug. 1, 1876. 60 1*8621990 Utah........ Principal Countries of the World; Population, Area, Religion, and Government. China.... -425,000,000....1871....3,741,846....... 113.3......Pekin............. ..1,648,800.... Buddhic.......... Monarchy. British Empire.... .226,817,108.... 1871....4,677,432. London. 3,254,260.... Protestant....... ..Monarchy. Russia ... ...85,685,945....1871....8,003,778........10.7.... ..St. Petersburg....... 667,926.... Greek Church .... Monarchy. United States, with Alaska. ..38,925,600....1870....2,603,884. 14.9.. -- Washington......... 109,199.... Protestant ........Republic. France.... .36,102,921 ....1872..... 204,091.......176.8......Paris..... .1.794,380.... Catholic.. ..Republic. Austria, and Hungary.... .35,904,435....1869. .240,348.. .149.4.. .Vienna ... .1,000,999.... Catholic .. ..Monarchy. Japan. -32,794,897....1875. 119,399.. ..219.5.... .Yeddo.............1,554,900.... Buddhic. Monarchy. Great Britain and Ireland. .31,628,338....1871. 121,315... 260.7... London 3,254,260.... Protestant .. Monarchy. German Empire .42,726,844...1875. ... 160,207. .266.6. Berlin... 966,872.... Protestant ....... Empire.* Turkey. .28,165,000 1..1856.. .1,742,874. 16.0. .Constantino .1.075,000.... Mohammedan ... Monarchy. Italy ... .-26,801,154....1871. 118,847. ..225.5.... Rome .... 244,482.... Catholic ... ... Monarchy. Spain. .16,642,000....1870..... 195,775. .85.0...... Madrid.... .. 475.785.... Catholic.. ..Monarchy. Brazil. ..9,448,233....1872...3,253,029.. -2.9.. .Rio Janiero. 274.972.... Catholic.. Monarchy. Mexico ..9,173,000....1874.. 761,526.. 12.0... Mexico... 210,300....Catholic ... Republic. Sweden .4,383,291... 1875. . 170,096. 23.2 Stockholm.. 152.582.... Protestant .. Monarchy. Persia. 4,400,000.... 1870. 685,964. -6.9 Teheran.. 85,000... Mohammedan. Monarchy. Belgium. ..5,253,821...,1873. . 11,372... 461.9. Brussels... 365,404.... Catholic Monarchy. Bavaria..... -5,024,832.... 1875.... ..29.292. 171.5. .. Munich 169,693.... Catholic... ..Monarchy. Portugal.... .3.995,152....1868.. 84,494. .115.8. Lisbon - Monarchy. Holland, or Netherlands. ..3,809,5:27....1875.. 12,680.......300.4.... Hague . 100,254.... Protestant.... Monarchy, Columbia (New Granada). 2,913,343.... 1871.. 475,000.........6.1..... . Bogota . 45,000.... Catholic.. Republic Chili. .2,068,447....1875.. .. 132, 616........15.6..... Santiago .. 148,264.... Catholic ... Republic. Switzerland.. 2,669,147...1870. .. 15,992..... ... 166.9. Berne ... - 86,000.... Protestant. .Confederation.t Peru.. .3,199,000....1871... .. 471,838.. Lima .. 160.056.... Catholic... .Republic, Bolivia ..... .1,987.352....1861.....842,729. Chuquisaca... 25,000.... Catholic .... ... Republic. Norway.... ..1,817,237....1875.... Christiana .. 77,041.... Protestant. Monarchy, Argentine Republic. ..1,736,922.... 1869.... 515,700. Buenos Ayres .. 177,800.... Catholic.. ..Republic. Wurtemburg 1,881,505....1875.. ..249.7.. Stuttgart .. 91,623.... Protestant.. . Monarchy. Denmark .1,874,000....1874.. ..Copenhagen ...... 181,291.... Protestant. Monarchy. Venzuela .. .1,784,194....1873..... 368,238. .Carraccas 47.000.... Catholic...... Republic Baden ... .1,506,531....1875. .. 5,912... .2348.. ... Carlsruhe ... 36,600.... Catholic ... Grand Duchy. Greece. .1,457.864. ... 1870. .. 19,353, 75.3. Athens 46,000.... Greek Church. ..Monarchy. Guatamala... .1,680,000... .1865. .. 40,879. .28.9.... .Guatemala. 45,000....Catholic... Republic. Ecuador 1,800,000.. 70,000.... Catholic... ..Republic, Paraguay.... 221,079.... 1873.. 63,787. 3.4. Asuncion.. 48,000... Catholic... Republic. Hesse.... 882.899....1875.. 30.000... Protestant. ..Grand Duchy. Liberia.. 718,000....1871. ... 9,576.. 74.9.. ..Monrovia. 13,000.... Protestant ... .. Republic. San Salvador.... 434.520....1870. ..7,335 .59.2.. San Salvador. 16,000.... Catholic.. Republic, Hayti 572,000. Republic. Nicaraugua.. 350,000....1876 58,171. .6.0... Managua.... 8.000....Catholic... Republic. Uruguay. 450.000.... .6.7. ...Monte Video.. 105,295....Catholic.. ..Republic. Honduras... 230,000. 47,092.. .....5.3.... .. Comazagua....... . 12,000.... Catholic.. ..Rupublic. San Domingo.. 250,000.. 14.0...... San Domingo.... ....15,000.... Catholic... Republic. Costa Rica. . 165,000....1870..-... 21.505... ....7.7.... San Jose. ... 2,000.... Catholic.. Republic. Hawaii.... ... 71,000............... 7,683........9.3......Honolulu............ 7,633.... Protestant ........ Monarchy. * Imperial Confederation. + Republican Confederation. By the settlement of the difficulties between Russia and Turkey, at the Berlin Congress in 1878, Roumania, Servia and Montenegro became entirely independent, the two last receiving an increase of territory; Bulgaria, previously a province of Turkey, became semi-independent, under the protection of Russia: Cyprus was ceded by Turkey to England; the occupation of Bosnia was entrusted to Austria: Roumania obtained the Dobrudja, taken from Turkey, in exchange for Bessarabia, and a small strip of territory in Turkish Armenia, including the important sea port of Batoum, on the Black Sea, and Bessarabia, taken from Roumania for that purpose, were ceded by Turkey to Russia; all of which materially diminishes the area and population of Turkey. The settlement leaves Turkey with a population of about 22,000,000, and an area of about 700,000 square miles. OD 8,000 Historical Facts Relating to the United States, Dutch ....... Erie........ . 200 Area and Population of the Earth. The Longest Rivers of the World. Rivers. Locality. Rise. Discharge. Mlles America. 14,700,000 ....88,061,148 ..... ........6 Europe ...... 3,800,000 ...296,713,500.. Missouri ....... N. America.. Rocky Mountains ........ Gulf of Mexico.. 4.500 Asia 15,000,000 ...699.863.000 Mississippi..... N. America... Lake Itaska.......... ... Gulf of Mexico.. 8,200 Africa .... 10.800.000 ....67,414,000 Amazon...... .. Brazil.......... Andes ........ .... Atlantic Ocean.. 3,200 Cceanica.. 4.500 000 ....25,924,000 Hoang-Ho... ... China.......... Koulkoun Mountains.... Yellow Sea.... Murray....... . Australasi a... Australian Alps.......... Encounter Bay.. 8.000 Total 48.890.000 1.177,975.648 ........ .......24 .. Siberia.... ... Altaian Mountains....... Arctic Ocean.... 2,800 All these collectively are estimated to speak 3.064 languages, and Nile... Egypt, Nubia, Blue Nile, Abyssinia..... Mediterranean.. 2.750 to possess about 1,000 different forms of religion. Yang-tse 2.500 Lena. Siberia.... Heights of Irkutsk... Arctic Ocean .... • The amount of deaths per annum is 33,333,333, or 91,954 per day, 2.500 Niger..... Soudan........ Base on Base of Mt. Loma.. 3.730 per hour, 60 per minute, or 1 per second. This loss is com Gulf of Guinea.. 2.300 pensated by an equal or greater number of births. St. Lawrence.. Canada........ . River St. Louis....... .. Gf St. Lawrence 1,960 Volga... The average duration of life throughout the globe is thirty-three ... Russia......... Lake in Volhonsky... Caspian Sea .. 1.900 Maykiang years. One-fourth of its population dies before the seventh year, Siam Chinese Gulf .... 1.700 and one-half before the seventeenth. Out of 10,000 persons only Indus..... Hindostan.... Little Thibet.. Arabian Sea... 1,700 Danube....... one reaches his hundredth year, only one in 500 his eightieth; and Germany...... Black Forest.. Black Sea...... 1,630 only one in 100 his sixtieth. Mackenzie..... N. America... River Athabasca.. Arctic Ocean.. 2,500 Another estimate of the earth's population, classified by race and Brahmapoot ra. Thibet........ Himalaya.... .. Bay of Bengal... 1.500 religion, is as follows: Columbia ...... N. America... Rocky Mountains. .. Pacific Ocean.... 1.090 RACES. RELIGIONS. Colorado...... N. America... San Iaba....... ......... Gulf of Califor.. 1.000 Whites ............. 550.000.000 Pagans....... ........676,000,000 Susquehanna.. N. America... Lake Otsego...... .... Chesapeake Bay. 400 Christians............320,000,000 James....... Mongolians......... 550,000,000 .. N. America... Allegheny Mountains... Chesapeake Bay. 500 Blacks.. . 173,000,000 Mohammedans......140.000.000 Potomac.... 400 N. America... Gr. Black Bone Mount'n. Chesapeake Bay. Hudson ........ N. America... Adirondacks, Mt. Marcy Bay of N Y.. 325 Copper Colored..... 12,000,000 Jews... ........14,000,000 THE CHRISTIANS are divided as follows: Church of Rome. Protestants. Greek & East Church. 60,000,000 Admite to the Capitals. Union 1565 Florida ...... .. St. Augustine.... Spaniarus..... 1845 Tallahassee. 1607 Virginia... Jamestown...... English. .... . 1788+ Richmond. Oceans. Sg. Miles. Bays. Length in Miles. 1614 New York ... .. Manhattan.... .. 1788+ Albany. Pacific, about .80,000,000 Hudson's, about............1.200 1620 Massachusetts • Plymouth ........ English Puritans., 17886 Boston. Atlantic, .40,000,000 Baffin's.... ...600 English ... 1788+ Concord, Indian, .20,000,000 Chesapeake ......250 Dutch and Danes.. 1787+ Trenton. Bristol ..... English ........... 1820 Augusta. Arctic, ..........5 000 000 Lakes. Lakes. Miles. Miles. 1627 Delaware*.. ... Cape Henelopen, Swedes and Finns. 1787+ Dover. NOTE. The seas, bays, gulls, etc., Superior.... ...120 1633 Connecticut... Windsor. From Massachu'ts 1788+ Hartford, conuected with each ocean, are included Baikal.............360..........35 ...35 1634 Maryland* .. St. Mary's..... English ..... 1188+ Annapolis. in the foregoing estimate. It may be Michigan.. .......330.... .60 1636 Rhode Island Providenne... English ..... . 1790+ Prov.& N'port proper to remark, however, that the Great Slave .300. 45 | 1663 North Carolina. Albeinarle.... English .. 1789+ Raleigh. exact superficial extent of the several Huron ...........250..... .90 1669 Wisconsin...... Green Bay .... French..... 1848 Madison. oceans is not known with certainty, nor Winnipeg.........240.... 40 | 1670 Michigan ....... Detroit....... French. 1837 Lansing. the exact proportion of land and water. ...270.... 50 1670 South CarolinaPort Royal.. English 1788+ Columbia, Seas. Length in Miles. Athabasca.. 20 | 1682 Pennsylvania. . Philadelphia..... English, 1787+ Harrisburg. Mediterranean, about......2,000 Ontario ...... ......180.... ...40 | 1695 Arkansas...... Arkansas Post... French.... 1826 Little Rock. Caribbean... .1,800 Maracaylo.... 1845 Austin. China ........ 1,700 Great Bear ....150.... 40 | 1690 Indiana...... Vincennes ...... French.. 1816 Indianapolis. Red ....... ..1,400 Ladoga ...125.... French. 1812 New Orleans. Japan..... ... 1,000 Champlain .12 1711 Alabama..... Mobile ..... French. 1814 Montgomery. Black .932 Nicaragua... .....120... ..40 1716 Mississippi.. Natchez.... French.. . 1817 Jackson. Caspian .640 L. of the Woods... ...25 1720 Illinois...... Kaskaskia.. French.. 1818 Springfield. Baltic... ..600 Geneva. ....50... 10 | 1725 Vermont... Fort Dummer... From Massachu'ts 1791 Montpelier. Okhotsk. .600 Constance.. .......45.... .10 1733 Georgia*.... Savannah ........ English .. .... 1788+ Atlanta. White ... Cayuga... 1757 Tennessee.. Fort London From N. Carolina. 1796 Nashville. Aral..... .250 George ...... | 1764 Missouri..... St. Louis ..... French..... .... 1821 Jefferson City. 1769 California .. San Diego... Spaniards.. ....... 1850 Sacramento. 1775 Kentucky.... Boonesboro, From Virginia.... 1792 Frankfort, 1788 Ohio. Marietta ..... From N England. 1803 Columbus. Astoria....... 1811 Oregon...... From New York .. 1859 Salem. | Feet. Miles Country. 1833 Iowa ...... Burlington....... From Ning From N England. 1846 Des Moines. Kunchainyunga (Himalayas).... Thibet. .... 28,178 .5% 1816 Minnesota... St. Paul. From N England. 1857 St. Paul. Sorata, the highest in America.... . Bolivia.... 25,380.5 1850 Kansas. .. Ft. Leavenworth. Fr.N.E.& W.States. 1861 Topeka, Illimani..... Bolivia ........ 21,780.4% ... From California... 1864 Carson City. Chimborazo.............. Ecuador....... 1862 West Virginia .. (See Virginia)... Formed fr. Va..... 1862 Charleston. Afghanistan .. 20,606 .3X 1854 Nebraska... Ilindoo-Koosh...... Fr.N.E.& W.States. 1867 Lincoln. Cotopaxi, highest volcano in the world. Ecuador....... 19,408 .3% 1858 Colorado........ Denver............ Fr. Western States 1876 Denver, Antisana.... Ecuador....... 19,150 .3 St. Elias, highest in North America ... British Poss... 18.000 .3 * The thirteen original States. † Date of adoption of Constitution. Popocotepetl, volcano ................... Mt. Roa, highest in Oceanic *****... Mexico ........17.735 Hawaii........ Principal Exports of Various Countries. ARABIA-Coffee, aloes, myrrh, frankincense, gum arabic. BELGIUM --Grain, flax, hops, woolens, linens, laces, various manufactures. Limit of perpetual snow at the......... Equator........ 15,207 .2 BRAZIL - Cotton, sugar, coffee, tobacco, gold, diamonds, wheat, dye-woods. Pinchinca... Ecuador... 15,200.28 CANADA, NOVA SCOTIA and NEW BRUNSWICK-Flour, furs, lumber, fish, Mt. Whitney....... .. California..... 15.000 .2 CAPE COLOXY - Brandy, wine, ostrich feathers, hides, ta'low. ('ENTRAL AMERICA-Logwood, mahogany, indigo, cocoa. Mt. Fairweather... .. Russian Poss. 14,796 .2 (HILI - Silver, gold, conper, wheat, hemp, hides, sugar, cotton, fruits. Mt. Shasta............. . California..... 14,450 .2 Pike's Peak..... ., Colorado...... 14,320.2 CHINA-Tea, silks, nankeens, porcelain, opium, articles of ivory and pearl. DENMARK-Grain, horses, cattle, beef, pork, butter, and cheese. EASTERN, WESTERN and SOUTHERN AFRICA --Gold, ivory, ostrich feathers. . . Sumatra ...... 13,800.2 EGYPT - Rice, grain, linseed, fruits, indigo, cotton, sugar. Fremont's Peak, Rocky Mountains..... Wyoming..... 13,570.2 ECUADOR and NEW GRENADA-Coffee, cotton, indigo, fruits, sugar, cocoa. Long's Peak, Rocky Mountains...... 18,400.2% FRANCE-Silks, woolens, linens, cottons, wine, brandy, porcelain, toys. Mt. Ranier ..... . Wash. Territ'y 18,000.2% GERMANY - Linen, grain, various manufactures of silver, copper etc Mt. Vrarat...... .. Armenia...... 12.700.2 GREAT BRITAIN - Woolens, cottons, linens, hardware, porcelain, etc. Peak of Teneriffe ... CandTICS...... 12.236.2% GREENLAND- Whale oil, whale borie, seal skins. Miltsin, highest of Atlas Mountains Morocco...... 12.(00.2% HINDOSTAN --Cotton, silks, rice, sugar, coffee, opium, indigo. Mt. Hood ........... . Oregon......... 11.570.2% Mt. Lebanon............. HOLLAND-Fine linens, woolens, butter, cheese, various manufactures. ITALY -- Silks, wines, grain, oil, fruits. Oregon........ 10.150.1 IRELAXD- Linens, beef, butter, tallow, hides, potatoes, barley, etc. JAPAN --Silk and cotton goods, Japanware, porcelain.' Mt. Ætni, volcano... Sicily..... 10.050.1% MEXICO- Gold, silver, logwood, cochineal, fruits. Monte Corno, highest of Appenines.... Naples..... ..9.523.1% PERSIA - Carpets, shawls, wine, silk, cotton, rice, rhubarb, guns, swords, etc. Sneehattan, highest Dovrefield Mts.... Norway..........8.115 % PERU - Silver, gold, Peruvian bark, mercury, sugar, cotton, fruits. Mount Sinai.... . Arabia...........8.000.) RUSSIA-Hemp, iron, linen, grain, timber, furs, tallow, platina. Pindus, highest in.... Greece...........7,677 Black Mountain, highest in. Spain and PORTUGAL-Silks, wool, wine, oil, fruits, sali, etc. .. N. Carolina .....6,476.1% SWEDEN and NORWAY-Iron, steel, copper, timber, fish. Mt. Washington, highest White Mts.... N. Hampshire..6,234.1% SWITZERLAND-Watches, jewelry, paper, laces, linen, cotton and silk goods, etc. Mt. Marcy, highest in... .. New York.. ....5,467.1 TURKEY -Grain, fruits, cotton, oil, wines, carpets, muslin, swords. Mt. Hecla, volcano ............ .. Iceland..........5, 000 UNITED STATES-Eastern States-Lumber, beef, pork, fish, cottons, woolens, etc. Ben Nevis, highest in Great Britain... Scotland ........4.379 ...X Middle States -- Flour, wheat, salt, coal, cottons, woolens, etc. Mansfield, highest of Green Mts.... ... Vermont .......4,280 ...X . Virginia.........4,260 Peaks of Otter......... Southern States - Cotton, rice, tobacco, corn, lumber, pitch, fruits. Western States-Corn, wheat, lead, coal, iron, salt, lline, beef, pork. Mt. Vesuvius..... Naples ....... ..3,932 VENEZUELA --Sugar, coffee, cocoa, cotton, indigo, fruits. .450 AA 36.. The Highest Mountains of the World, Wasoe.......... From Ud110 na n, wheat, lead, co indigo, 'fruits.n Indigo, fruits. IMPORTANT FACTS FOR REFERENCE. 229 Presidents of the United States. Height of Monuments, Towers, Etc. FEET. 543 476 474 456 456 448 404 400 384 372 NAMES. Pyramid of Cheops... Antwerp Cathedral Strasburg Cathedral ... St. Martin's Church at Landshut Pyramid of Cephrenes..... St. Peter's Church...... St. Paul's Church, Lond Salisbury Cathedral..... Cathedral at Florence.. Cathedral at Cremona. .. Church at Fribourg..... Cathedral of Seville. Cathedral of Milan...... Cathedral of Utrecht..., Pyramid of Sakkarah. Cathedral of Notre Dame, St. Mark's Church...... Assinelli Tower, Bologna... Trinity Church..... Column at Delhi.... Purcelain Tower, Nankin.. Church of Notre Dame...... Bunker Hill Monument... Leaning Tower of Pisa....... Washington Monument ..... Monument, Place Vendome.. Trajan's Pillar, Rome..... Obelisk of Luxor, now in...... George Washington.. Va..... 1732 17891 Dec. 14, 1799 68 July 4, 1826 91 July 4, 1826 James Madison........ Va..... 1751 1809 Jurie 23, 1836 James Monroe......... Va..... 1758 1817 July 4, 1831 John Quincy Adams.. Mass.. 1767 1825 Feb. 23, 1848 Andrew Jackson ...... Tenn.. 1767 1829 June 8 1845 Martin Van Buren.... N. Y... 1782 1837 July 24, 1862 William H. Harrison. Ohio.. 1773 1841 681 month.. April 4, 1841 John Tyler...... Va..... 1790 1841 3 yrs. 11 mos.. Jan. 17 1862 James K. Polk... Tenn.. 1795 1845 June 15, 18491 54 Zachary Taylor.. 1784 1849 65 1 y. 4 m. 5 d.... July 9. 1850 66 Millard Fillmore... .. 1800 1850 50 2 y. 7 m. 26 d... Mar. 8. 1874 74 Franklin Pierce..... N. H.. 1804 1853 4 yrs... Oct. 8. 1860 James Buchanan...... Penn.. (1791 18571 June 1, 1868 1809 1861 52 4 y. 1 m. 10 d... Apr. 14, 1865 56 PLACES. Belgium.. Egypt. England.. England .Lombardy Holland.. .... Egypt.... Bavaria. China .... Massachusetts .... Italy....... Baltimore.. Paris. 870 360 355 356 356 14 183 153 · 151 .. 110 Capacity of Large Rooms. Grand Opera - House, N. Y. 1,883 Booth's Theater, N. York. 1,807 Estimating a person to occupy an Opera House, Detroit...... 1,790 area of 19.9 inches square. McVicker's Theater, Chi 1,786 CHURCHES. Wil Contain Grand Opera-House, chi No. Persoa 54,000 1,786 Cathedral, Milan..... 37.000 Ford's Opera-House, Bal timore........... St. Paul's, Roine....... 32,000 St. Paul's, London...... 25,600 National Theater, Wash ington..... St. Petronio, Bologna...... 24,400 1,709 De Bar's Opera-House, st. Cathedral, Florence........ 24,300 Louis.... Cathedral, Antwerp........ 24,000 1,696 California Theater, S St.Sophia's, Constantinople 23,000 Francisco.... Euchu Ave. Opera-House, Cleveland .... 1.650 13,000 Opera House, Berlin....... 1,636 St. Stephen's, Vienna...... 12,400 St. Dominic's, Bologna .... Opera-House, Albany. .... 1,404 12.000 Hooley's Theater, Chicago 1,373 St. Peter's, Bologna........ 11,400 Cathedral, Vienna.......... 11,000 Coulter Opera House, AuSt. Mark's, Venice.......... rora, Ill.... 1.004 7,500 Opera House, Montreal.... 928 Opera Houses and Theaters. Barnum's Hippodrome, Periods of Digestion, New York...... 8,433 Stadt Theater, New York.. 3,000 Llrs. Min. Substance. Academy of Music, Philadelphia..... 2,865 Rice, boiled ...... Carlo Felice, Genoa........ 2,560 Eggs, whipped, raw.. Acad. of Music, Brooklyn.. Trout, fresh, fried..... Opera House, Munich.. 2,307 Soup, Barley, boiled.. Alexander, St. Petersbu.g. 2,332 Apples, sweet, mellow, ra San Carlos, Naples......... 2,240 Venison steak, broiled.. Sago, boiled... Milk, raw........ ... 052 Eggs, fresh, roasted...... St. Charles Theater, New Turkey, domestic, roasted Orleans...... 2,178 | Goose, wild, roasted..... 2 30 Substance. Nrs, Min. Capacity of a Freight Car. Cake, sponge, baked.. 2 30 A load, nominally, is 20,000 pounds. Hash, warnued ...... 2 30 The following number can be carried. Beans, pod, boiled... 30 Whisky ... Parsnips, boiled...... .....60 barrels. Potatoes, Irish, baked... Salt ..... ..... Cabbage, head, raw... Lime... 70 Custard,'baked .... Flour. .90 Apples, sour, hard, raw.. 100 to 100 € Oysters, fresh, raw.. Flour. ...200 s: cks. Eggs, fresh, soft boiled. Wood ... 6 cords. Beefsteak, broiled...... Cattle. .18 to 20 head. Mutton, fresh, broiled Mutton, fresh, boiled.... ...10 to 10 6 Soup, bean, boiled..... Sheep... .80 to 100 « Chicken soup, boiled.... Lumber .. ....6,000 feet. Dumpling, apple, boiled Barley..... ...300 bushels. Oysters, fresh, roasted... Wheat. .840 Pork, salted, broiled. Flax Seed .....30 " Porksteak, broiled...... Mutton, fresh, roasted. Apples 370 Bread, corn, baked.. Corn..... 400 Carrot, orange, bojled... Potatoes... .....430 Sausage, fresh, broiled.. 20 .....80 Oysters, fresh, stewed. Bran.... Butter, meited... ..................1.000 Butter Cheese, old, raw .... ----------...-20.000 pounds. Oyster soup, boiled.. 30 Quantity of Seed to Plant. Bread, wheat, fresh, baked. 30 Turnips, flat, boiled... Asparagus-1 oz. produces 1,000 Potatoes, Irish, boiled ... 30 plants. Eggs, fresh, hard boiled. Asparagus Roots,-1,000 plants to E898, fresh, fried....... bed 4 x 225 feet. Green corn & beans, boil Beans.-1 gt. plants 150 ft. of row. Beets, boiled ... Beets.-1 oz. plants 150 ft. of row. Salmon, salted, boiled::: Cabbaye.-1 oz. gives 2 500 plants. Beef, fried..... Celery-1 oz. gives 7.000 plants. Veal fresh, broiled. Cucumber -1 oz, for 150 hills. Fowls, domestic, boiled.. Lettuce.-1 oz. gives 7.000 plants. Beef, old, salted, boiled.... 15 Mclon.-1 oz. for 120 hills. Pork, salted. fried..... 15 Onion.-Four pounds to the acre. Pork, salted, boiled. 30 Radish.-1 oz. to 100 ft. of ground. Veal, fresh, fried... 30 Spinage.-1 oz. to 250 ft. of row. Cabbage, boiled... 30 Squash.-1 oz. to 75 hills. Pork, roasted ... 15 Tomito.-1 oz, gives 2,500 plants. | Suet, beef, boiled. 301 Turnip.-1% pound to the acre. Before Christ. The Deluge..... Babylon built...... Birth of Abraham. Death of Joseph... Moses born...... Athens founded. The Pyramids built. Solomon's Temple finished Rome founded..... Jerusalem destroyed... Babylon taken by Jews.... Death of Socrates...... Rome taken by the Gauls.. Paper invented in China.. Carthage destroyed.. Cæsar landed in Britain.... Caesar killed .... Birth of Christ................. After Christ. Death of Augustus ...... Pilate, governor of Judea... Jesus Christ crucified..... Claudius visited Britain..... St. Paul put to death..... CHRONOLOGY OF IMPORTANT EVENTS. After Christ. 93 Luther began to preach...... .. 1517 ....2247 Jerusalem rebuilt..... 131 Interest fixed at fen per cent. in England. 1547 1993 The Romans destroyed 580,000 Jews and Telescopes invented .. 1549 ..1635 banished the rest from Judea.. 135 First coach made in England... 1564 ... 1571 The Bible in Gothic...... 373 Clocks first made in England... ....1508 ....1556 Horseshoes matie of iron...... 481 Bank of England incorporated. .....1594 1250 Latin tongue ceased to be spoken. 580 1616 ......1004 Pens made of Quills.. 6:35 Circulation of the blood discovered.......1619 753 Organs used........ 660 Barometer invented...... ....1623 587 Glass in England... 663 First newspaper............ 1629 538 Bank of Venice established.. 1157 1643 1649 385 Mariner's compass used.... 1200 Great fire in London..... .1666 170 Coal dug for fuel........ 1234 Cotton planted in the United States.......1759 146 Chimneys first put to houses.. 1236 Commencement of the American war....1775 55 Spectacles invented by an Italian. 1240 Declaration of American Independence. .1776 44 The first English House of Commons.....1258 Recognition of American Independence.. 1782 Tallow candles for lights ....... 1290 Bank of England suspended cash paym't. 1791 Paper made froin linen..... .1302 Napoleon I. crowned emperor.. ...1804 Gunpowder invented....... 1340 ...1820 Woolen cloth made in England. ..1341 Telegraph invented by Morse..... .......1832 Printing invented..... 1436 .....1839 The first almanac ..... ...1470 Beginning of the American civil war..... 1861 America discovered. 1492 End of the American civil war... 1865 First book printed in ......1507 Great fire in Chicago................ 43 67 .. 1871 OUTSIDE OF THE UNITED STATES, HAVING 100,000 INHABITANTS AND OVER, ACCORDING TO THE LATEST AUTHORITIES. Abbeokoota, Africa..... .100,000 Cairo, Egypt..... .282.348 Adrianople, Turkey........100,000 Calcutta, India.... ....794,645 Agra, India... .149.008 Canton, China .. ..1,236,600 Ahmedabad, India..... 130.000 Cawnpore, India.. 122,770 Alexandria, Egypt...... .180.796 Chang-Choo, China. 1,000,000 Algiers, Africa........ .100,000 Cologne, Prussia.... 135,871 Amoy, China....... .250 000 Damascus, Turkey. 120,000 Amsterdam, Holland......289,982 Delhi, India....... ..152,406 Antwerp, Belgium.........141,910 Dhar, India........ ....100,000 Bahia, Brazil..... .129,109 Dresden, Germany ..156,024 Bangalore, India... 142,513 Dublin, Ireland. .245,722 Bangkok, Siam. .500.000 Dundee, Scotland .... ...118.974 Barcelona Spain. 252,015 Edinburgh, Scotland... ..196,500 Bareilly, India. 111.332 Erzeroum, Turkey.... 100,000 Baroda, India, 140,000 Fez, Morocco... 100.000 Belfast, Ireland... .....174,394 Florence, Italy..... ..167,093 Benares, India..... .200,000 Foo-Choo, China.. .600,000 Beyrout, Syria. 100,000 Fyzabad, India... 100.000 Bhurtpoor, India... .....100.000 Genoa, Italy....... 130.269 Birmingham, England....343,696 Ghent, Belgium..... .....126,203 Bombay, India ... .644,405 Glasgow, Scotland.... 477,144 Bordeaux, France.... 194,241 Greenwich, England......167,632 Bradford, England.........145 827 Hamburg, Germany.......224.974 Breslau, Prussia..... .171.926 Han-Keoo, China..........800,000 Bristol, England...... .182,524 Havana, Cuba.. .205,676 Bucharest, Turkey......... 121,734 | Herat, Afghanistan........100,000 Hull, England...... .121,596 1 Ooroomtsee, Toorkistan...150.000 .219.938 Konigsberg, Prussia .122.636 Patna, India.... 158 900 Leeds, England.... .....259,201 Pesth, Hungary.... ...201.911 Liege, Belgium.... .111,853 Portsmouth, Eugland. 112.954 Lille, France........ .154.749 Prague, Bohemia. 157,123 Liverpool, England.. .493,346 Riga, Russia.... 102.043 Lucknow, India.. .300.000 Rotterdam, Holland.. ...118.837 125.000 207.770 Naples, Italy... .. .448,743 Valencia, Spain.. 107.703 Newcastle-on-Tyn Eng..128.160 Venice, Italy...... 128,901 Ningpo, China... ..400,000 Warsaw, Poland..... .243.512 Odessa, Russia..............162.814 | Yarkand, Toorkistan......125,000 * For population of several other large cities, see capitals of the principal countries of the world, rage 227. Population of the Principal Cities of the United States. ... 35,031 8,828 13,140 14.875 00 Jersey City, N.J:"",0 115 OITIES. 1875. 1870. 1860. Adrian, Mich......... 10,072 8.438 6.213 | Hamilton, Ohio....... 11.081 7.223 | Paterson, N. J........ 38.824 33.579 19.586 Akron, Ohio...., 10,006 3,477 Hannibal, Mo..... . 10,000 10.125 6,505 Peoria, Ill........ 22.849 14.045 Albally N. Y...... 86,013 69,422 62.367 | Harrisburg, Pa.... 27.926 23,104 13.405 Petersburg, Va.... 18.950 18.266 Alexandria, Va.. 13,570 12,652 Hartford, Conn... 37,180 17.956 Philadelphia, Pa.... 674,022 565.529 Allegheny, Pa... 72,000 53,180 28,702 Haverhill, Mass...... 14.700 13.092 9,995 Pittsburgh, Pa..... 86.076 49,219 Allentown, Pa... 13.884 8.025 Hoboken, NJ..... 26.000 20,197 9,669 Portland, Me....... 31.413 26.341 Alton, ni....... 11.773 8,665 3.585 Houston, Texas...... 25,960 9.382 4.848 Portland, Oregon. 8,293 2.868 Altoona, Pa.... 15,329 10,610 3.591 Hudson N. Y....... 8.615 7,187 Portsmouth, N. H.... 1 10,043 9.211 9,335 Atlanta, Ga.... 21,789 9,554 Portsmouth, Ohio.... 10.592 6.268 Auburn, N. Y... 18,359 17,225 10,986 Indianapolis, Ind..... .. 48,244 18,611 Portsmouth, Va.... 10.492 9,480 Augusta, Ga.... 15,389 Poughkeepsie, N. Y.. 19.859 20.080 14.726 Aurora, Il... 11,162 6,011 Jackson, Mich........ 13,889 11,447 4,799 Providence, R. I......100,675 68,904 50,066 Jacksonville, ni.... 9,203 5,528 Baltimore, Md...... 267,354 212 418 Janesville, Wis...... 8.789 7.702 Quincy, IlI............. 35,181 24,052 13,718 Bangor, Me....... 18.289 16,410 109,229 82,546 29,226 Belleville lll.......... 10,249 8.146 7,527 Racine, Wis........... 13,300 9 880 7,822 Biddeford, Me.... 10.282 9,349 Kansas City, Mo...... 32,732 32.260 4.418 Raleigh, N. C... 15,500 7790 4.780 Bloguito, N. Y.... 15,550 12. 692 8,325 Keokuk, Iowa...... 12,766 8,136 Reading, Pa.... 40,109 33.930 23,162 Bloomington, Ill... 23 180 14,590 7.075 Knoxville, Tenn.... 8,682 6,000 Richmond, Ind..... 13,124 9.345 6.623 Boston, Mass...... 341,919 250.526 202,977 Kichmond, Va ... 51.038 87.907 Bridgeport, Conn. ** 19.876 13,299 Lafayette, Ind........ 18,200 13.506 9.387 Rochester, N. Y... 81,673 62.386 48 204 Brooklyn, N. Y........484,616 396,099 266,661 I Lancaster Pan Laucaster Pa......... 25.421 20,233 17,630 Rome, N. Y. 11,922 11,000 10,584 Buffalo, N. Y. ........134.573 117 714 81,129 Lawrence, Kansas.... 8.149 8.320 1.645 Lawrence, Mass...... 35 400 28.921 16.283 12.797 Burlington, Vt ...... • 14,387 7,713 Leavenworth, Kansas 16,000 17.873 7,429 St. Joseph, Mo.... 19.565 8,932 Lewiston, Me...... 13,600 7.424 310.864 160.773 Cambridge, Mass. 39.634 32, 606 Lexington, Ky........ 19.733 14.801 9,321 St. Paul, Minn...... 33.400 20.030 10.400 Camden, N. J....... 20,045 14.358 Little Rock, Ark..., 20,475 12,380 3.727 Salem, Mass....... 25,958 24.117 22.252 Canton, Ohio...... 9.109 4,011 Lockport, N. Y..... 12.624 12,426 13.523 Salt Lake City, Utah.. 12.854 8.207 Chicago, Ill.. 293.977 112.172 Logansport, Ind.. 8,950 2.979 San Antonio, Texas... 12.256 8.325 Charleston S. C...... 48.956 40,467 Louisville, Ky.... 100.753 65,033 13.000 8.408 Charlestown, M:SS.. 23 323 25.065 Lowell, Mass.... 49.688 40.928 36.827 San Francisco, Cal... 149.473 56.802 Chillicothe, Ohio...... 8,920 4,581 Lynn, Mass....... 32,600 28,233 19,083 Savannah, Git..... 28.235 22.292 Chester, Pa... 9 485 4,631 Schenectady, N. Y 10.026 9.576 Cincinnati, Ohio..... 216,239 161,044 35.092 9.223 Cleveland, Ohio.... 92.429 43.417 Manchester, N. H 23,536 20.107 Springfield, Ill.... 25.000 17.364 9.320 Columbia, S. C.... 9.298 8,052 Madison, Ind...... 11.557 10.709 8,1337 Springfield, Mass. 26.703 15,199 Columbus, Ohio... 31.271 18,554 Madison, Wis..... 10,039 9.176 6,611 Springfield, Ohio. 12.652 7.002 Cohoes, N. Y....... 15.357 8.799 Mansfield, Ohio.. 8.029 4.581 sieuben ville, Ohio... 8.107 6,154 Concord, N, H..... 12.241 10,890 Memphis, Tenn.... 40,226 22.621 Stockton, Cal......... 13,360 10,966 3.679 Counci Bluffs, Iowa 10 020 2,011 Milwaukee, Wis......100.750 71.440 45,246 Syracuse, N. Y..... 48,315 43,051 28,119 Covington, Ky........ 24,505 16,471 Minneapolis, Minn... 34,000 13.066 Mobile, Ala............ 46,000 2:2,034 29,458 Taunton, Mass........ 20,429 18.629 15.376 Davenport, Iowa.....: 21,234 20.038 11,267 Terre Haute, Ind...... 19.265 16.103 8,594 Dayton, Ohio....... 30.473 20.081 Nashua, N. H..... 10,543 10.065 Titusville. Pa..... 8.639 438 Des Moines, Iowa..... 18.343 12,035 3 965 Nashville, Tenn.. 25,865 16 988 Toledo, Ohio. ... 31.594 13.768 Detroit, Mich...... 1,083 79.577 45 619 Natchez, Miss.... 9.057 6,612 Trenton, N. J... 22.874 17.228 Dover, N. II....... ' 9,294 8.502 New Albany, Ind..... . . 15,396 12,647 Troy, N. Y........ 48,821 46,465 39.252 Dubuque, lowa... 23,605 18,434 13,000 Newark, N. J... .....123.310 105,059 71,941 New Bedford, Mass.. 25.876 21,320 22.300 Utica, N. Y............. 32,070 28,804 22.529 East Saginaw, Mich.. 17.174 11.350 3.001 Newburg, N. Y........ 17.327 17.014 15,196 Vicksburg, Miss...... i 12, 143 4,591 15,863 11,256 8.682 Erie, Pa...... 26,037 19.646 9,419 Hew Haven, Conn.. 50.840 39.267 Evansville, Ind.... 21,830 11,484 New Orleans, La, .....203,489 191.418 118.670 Washington, D. C..... ... 109.19961.122 Newport, R.I.... 14,028 12.521 10.508 | Watertown, N.Y.. 10,041 9.336 7.562 16.030 5.564 Fort Wayne, lud..... 25,000 17.718 80.841 21.258 Frederick, Md........ 8,526 8,143 Wilmington, N. C.... 13,446 9.552 Ogdensburg, N 10 076 Worcester, Mass..... 9,265 41 105 24,960 Galesburg, Ill...... 10,158 4.953 Omaha, Neb... 16,083 1.891 Galveston, Texas.. 31.213 13,818 7,307 Orange, NJ.... 10,813 9.348 8.877 | York, Pa............... .. 11,003 8,605 Georgetown, D. C.... 11,384 8.733 Oshkosh, Wis... . 17.015 12.643 6,086 Grand Rapids, Mich.. 26,692 16,507 8,084 | Oswego, N. Y..... 22,455 20,910 16,816 Zanesville, Ohio...... * 10,011 9,229 No census taken since 1870. 12,748 31.053 2.563 50 |