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succeeded him, in opposition to cardinal de Bour-laws, and died with the reputation of a great bon. In 1589, with 4000 men, he defeated 30,000, and good king, in 1509. By his marriage, the commanded by the duke of Mayenne, &c. He rival claims of the houses of York and Lancas afterwards embraced the catholic religion, and ter, were united and settled. was crowned. He also defeated 18,000 Spani- HENRY VIII., son and successor to Henry ards, in Burgundy, and reduced the leaguers to VII., ascended the throne, in 1509, aged 18. Altheir duty, whom he pardoned. A young scho-though for a short time popular, he soon, by his lar, John Chastel, would have struck him in the arbitrary and capricious conduct, proved him mouth with a knife, but missed him; the king self a tyrant. He obtained the title of defender said, "And is it so, that the jesuits must be con- of the faith, from the pope, by opposing Luther. demned by my mouth?" and thereupon they He afterwards quarrelled with the pope, who were banished. A protestant minister told him, refused to divorce him from his wife, and re"He denied God with his mouth, and therefore nounced his authority, and declared himself he was struck there; but if he denied him in his head of the church, thus introducing the refor heart, the next stroke might be thereabouts too."mation into England. He was six times mar He concluded a peace with Spain, and an agree-ried; two of his wives perished on the scaffod, ment with Savoy, in 1601; and was stabbed with and two others were divorced. Although bene a knife, by Ravillac, in his coach, at Paris, May fits resulted from his reign, he must be detested 14, 1610. Above fifty historians, and five hun- for his tyranny and oppression; he died in 1547. dred panegyrists, poets, and orators, have spoken HENRY, prince of Wales, oldest son of James in his praise. But the "Henriade" of Voltaire I., died in 1612, aged 18, lamented by the nation, is the most likely to immortalize him. who viewed in him their future friend and com mon benefactor.

HENRY I., king of England, and duke of Normandy, was the third son of William the Conqueror, and ascended the throne in 1100. Although absolute in power, he reigned with wisdom, opposed the encroachments of the church of Rome, abolished the curfew, regulated the weights and measures of his kingdom, and laid the foundation of that liberty, of which Englishmen are so justly proud. He died in

1185.

HENRY II., succeeded to the throne of England in 1154. He added Brittany and Ireland to his dominions, attempted to repress the ambition of the clergy, and died of a broken heart, at the rebellion of his children, in 1189. His reign was marked with wisdom, valour, and popularity, and was calculated to advance the welfare of his people.

HENRY III, succeeded John, as king of England, in 1216. He was defeated in his wars abroad, and imprisoned by his barons at home, and died after a weak and disgraceful reign, in

1272.

HENRY IV., third son of Henry III., usurped the throne in 1399, and by that act, gave rise to the long wars between the houses of York and Lancaster; he died in 1413.

HENRY, of Huntingdon, an early English historian, died in 1168.

HENRY, Matthew, an eminent dissenting teacher, and voluminous writer, born in 166, died in 1714. His best known work is his "Exposition of the Bible. "

HENRY, Dr. ROBERT, minister of one of the churches of Edinburgh, and author of the "History of Great Britain," in 5 vols., born at St. Ninian's, in 1718, died in 1790. A posthu mous volume, being the 6th, has been published since his death.

HENRY, Philip, an English dissenting clergyman, eminent for his piety, benevolence, and moderation, died about 1670.

in

HENRY, David, a printer, was for more than half a century, an active manager of the Gentle man's Magazine, he was born in the neighbour hood of Aberdeen, in 1710. A concurrence of circumstances placing him within the notice of Mr. Edward Cave, of St. Gate, he at length became related to his patron, by marrying his sister, in 1736. Those useful and popular publications which describe the curiosities in West minster Abbey, St. Paul's Church, the Tower of London,&c.printed for Newbury, were originally HENRY V., son of Henry IV., on ascending compiled by Mr. Henry, and were improved by the throne, abandoned his dissolut: associates, him through many successive impressions. He and his equally dissolute habits, and became a published in 1772, "The Complete English Farwise and virtuous monarch. He formed the de- mer; or, A Practical System of Husbandry, sign of conquering France, fought the battle of which is comprised a general View of the whole Agincourt, married Catherine, and was declar- Art of Husbandry;" from this he withheld his ed heir to the throne of that kingdom; but died name; as he did also from "A Historical Account suddenly in the midst of his successes, in 1422. of all the Voyages round the World, performed HENRY VI., son of Henry V., succeeded his by English Navigators," in 4 vols., in 1774, to father on the English throne, when only ten which, in 1775, Mr. H. added a 5th, containing months old, and his grandfather Charles VI. as Captain Cook's Voyage in the Resolution; and sovereign of France. He was crowned king of in 1786, a 6th, containing the last Voyage of France at Paris; but his claims were opposed Captain Cook; introduced by an admirable by the duke of Orleans, under the name of summary of all the voyages undertaker. for dis Charles VII. who recovered the French domin- covery only, in the Southern and Northern he ions, and expelled the English. He was after- ispheres, and in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans wards deposed at home by the duke of York, He died in 1792. and committed a prisoner to the tower, where he was murdered, in 1471.

Be

HENRY, Patrick, a native of Virginia, distinguished for his commanding eloquence, vas HENRY VII., opposed and defeated Richard the first man who proposed to the colonies, III. and was crowned king of England, on the hostile measures against Great Britain. field, after the battle of Bosworth, in 1485. He was the first governor of Virginia, after the de was devoted to the happiness of his subjects, claration of Independence, and a member of the and contributed materially to the establishment old congress; he declined the appointments of of commerce, the encouragement of industry, secretary of state, under president Washington and to the protection of the arts. He checked and of minister to France, under his successor The encroachments of the nobles, made salutary he died in 1799.

wno published some elegant lyric and heroic poetry, about 1582.

HERISSANT, Lewis Anthony Prosper, an eminent French poet and physician, died at

HENRY, John, a member of congress, from
iryland, in 1778, afterwards elected a senator
the United States, and in 1797, governor of
estate of Maryland; he died in 1798.
HERACLITUS, a celebrated Ephesian philo-Paris, in 1709.
her, who is said to have continually bewail-
the wicked lives of men, and as often as he
ne among them to have fallen a weeping;
itrary to Democritus, who made the follies o.
nkind the subject of laughter; he flourished
out 500 B. C.

HERACLIUS, son of a governor of Africa,
hroned Phocas, and ascended the throne of
nstantinople, in 610; he died in 641.
HERACLIUS, patriarch of Jerusalem, about

70.

HERITIER, Nicolas l', a French poet, and dramatic writer, and historiographer of France, died in 1680.

HERITIER, Marie Jeanne l', de Villandon, a French poetess and novel writer, died at Paris, in 1734.

HERITIER DE BRUTELLE, Charles Louis l', a botanist, was born at Paris, in 1746. In 1784 he published a splendid work, called "Stirpes Novæ;" two years after which he went to England, and collected from the gardens the materials of his "Hortum Anglicum," winch he left unfinished, being assassinated in August, 1801, as was suspected, by his son.

HERALDUS, Desiderius, a counsellor of the rliament of Paris, eminent for his writings law and on the belles lettres, died in 1649. HERBELOT, Bartholomew d', an eminent entalist, born at Paris, in 1625, died in 1695. s chief work is "Bibliotheque Orientale, or Universal Dictionary, containing whatever ates to the Knowledge of the Eastern world." HERBERT, Thomas, an Englishman, author "Travels in Asia and Africa," was engaged the civil wars of his country, at first on the e of the parliament, afterwards for the king. the restoration he was created a baronet, and ed in 1682. HERBERT, Mary, countess of Pembroke, a HERMAS, Pastor, or Shepherd, one of the faat encourager of letters, and herself an inthers, supposed to have died at Rome, A. D. 81. ious poet. Her character may be highly HERMES, an Egyptian legislator, priest, and Iged of, from the epitaph written by Ben Jon-philosopher, who lived, as some think, in the

HERLICIUS, David, a German astrologer, born in 1557

HERMAN, Pani a celebrated botanist, a native of Halle, in Saxouy, died in 1695. HERMAN,James, an eminent mathematician of Basle, and the friend of Leibnitz. He was born in 1678, and died in 1733, leaving various works.

1, viz.

"Underneath this sable hearse Lies the subject of all verse: Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother. Death! ere thou hast kill'd another, Fair, and good, and learn'd as she, Time shall throw a dart at thee.' HERBERT, Edward, lord Herbert of ry, in Shropshire, an eminent English statesin, and writer on history, philosophy, and ticism, born in Montgomery Castle, in 1581, ed in 1648.

HERMANT, Godefroi, a doctor of the Sor||bonne, and rector of the university of Paris, died in 1690.

year of the world 2076, in the reign of Ninus, after Moses; and was so skilled in all profound arts and sciences, that he acquired the surname of Trismegistus, or, "thrice great." Some writers think that Hermes Trismegistus was no other than Moses, and state that he flourished 1930 B. C.

HERMIAS, a heretic, of Galatia, in the 2d

Cher-century.

HERBERT, George, brother of the preceding,
livine and poet, of whose judgment the great
ord Bacon, had so high an opinion, that he
ould not suffer his works to be printed till
ey had passed Herbert's examination; he was
rn in 1593, and wrote a volume of devout
ems called "The Temple." He also wrote
valuable work in prose, entitled "A Priest to
e Temple;" he died about 1635.
HERBERT, William, earl of Pembroke, born
Wiltshire, in 1580, died of apoplexy, in 1630.
was chancellor of Oxford, and made the
iversity a present of a large collection of
anuscripts. Pembroke College was so named
honour of him.

HERBERT, William, a topographical anti-
ary, born in 1718, died at Cheshunt, in 1795,
blished a new edition of "Atkyns's History
Gloucestershire;" and a continuation of
Ames's Topographical Antiquities."
HERBIN, Augustus Francis Julian, a native
France, distinguished as an oriental scholar,
ed in 1806.

HERBINIUS, John a protestant clergyman,
Poland, died in 1676.

HERMILLY,Vaquette d', a native of France, author of the history of Majorca and Minorca, &c., died at Paris, in 1778.

HERMOGENES, of Tarsus, a Greek rhetorician, flourished about the year 161. At 15 he became a teacher; at 17 he wrote his " Art of Rhetoric;" but, at 25, he lost his memory, and the faculty of speech. Of his works some portions remain, which were printed at Geneva, in 1614.

HERMOGENES, a heretic, of the 2d century, of the sect of stoics.

HEROD, falsely called the Great, king and tyrant of Judea, who, on the strength of a misinterpreted prophecy, caused all the male children of Bethlehem, and its neighbourhood, to be mas sacred by his soldiers, at the time of the birth of Christ, in the vain hope of destroying the Saviour of mankind. He died A. D. 3.

HEROD ANTIPAS, son and successor to Herod the Great; he put to death John the Baptist. Our Saviour was made to appear before him by Pilate.

HERODIAN, a Greek historian, of Rome, who flourished under the reigns of Severus, Caracalla, Heliogabalus, Alexander, and Maximin. His history contains eight books, and is greatly admired. It comprises the events from A. D. 180 to 238. Herodian died about 247.

HERDER, John Gottfried, a German writer, HERODOTUS, an ancient Greek historian eacher to the duke of Saxe Weimar, ecclesi-of Halicarnassus, in Caria, born about 484, and tical counsellor &c., died in 1803. died in 413 B. C. He is called "The Father BERERAS, Ferdinand de, a poet of Seville, History;" his work is written in the Ionic

lect, and divided into nine books, which contain]]"Theron and Aspasio; or, a Series of Dialogues the most remarkable occurrences within a period of 240 years, from the reign of Cyrus, the first king of Persia, to that of Xerxes, when the historian was living. These nine books are calied the Nine Muses, each of them being distinguished by the name of a Muse.

and Letters on the most important subjects." HERWART, or HERVART, John Frederic, of Augsburg, chancellor of Bavaria, lived at the beginning of the 17th century. HESHUSIUS,Tillemannus, a German divine, was a teacher of theology, and the author of se HEROPHILUS, a physician and able anato-veral theological works; he died in 1588. mist, of Chalcedon, 570 B. C. HERRERA TORDESILLAS, Antonio de, ather cotempory with, or older or younger, than celebrated Spanish historian. He published a "History of the World from 1554 to 1598;" and : what is much more esteemed) a general "His tory of the Indies from 1492 to 1554;" and also wrote a History of Spain. He was born in 1565, and died in 1625.

HERRICK, Robert, a poet, born in London, 1591, received his education at Cambridge; after which he obtained the vicarage of Deau Prior, Devonshire At the time of the rebellion, he was deprived of this living but at the restoration he recovered it, and died not long afterwards. His poetical works were printed in 1648, under the title of "Hesperides."

HESIOD, a very ancient Greek poet, but whe

Homer, is not yet agreed among the learned. The "Theogony," and "Works and Days," are the only undoubted pieces of this poet now extant.

HESSE, William, prince of, was distinguished for his attention to literature, and for his pa tronage of literary men; he died in 1597.

HESSELS, or HESSELIUS, John, professor of theology at Louvain, was distinguished for bis eloquence and learning; he died in 1566. HESYCHIUS, a celebrated grammarian and lexicographer, of Alexandria, who flourished about A. D. 300.

HETHERINGTON, William, an English ti

HERRING, Dr. Thomas, archbishop of Can-vine, who died in 1778, leaving 20,000l. as a terbury, born in Norfolk, 1693. When the re- perpetual fund for the relief of 50 blind persons bellion broke out in Scotland, in 1745, and the with 101. a year. Highlanders defeated the king's troops at Pres- HETZER, Lewis, a German socinian; he ton-pans, the archbishop (then of York) contri-published a translation of the Bible, which was buted much to remove the general panic, and suppressed, and died in 1540. awaken the nation from its lethargy. He con- HEURNIUS, John, a celebrated Dutch physi vened the nobility, gentry, and clergy, of his dio-cian, born at Utrecht, in 1543, died in 1601. cese, and addressed them in a noble and animat ed speech, which had such an effect upon his auditory, that a subscription ensued to the amount of 40,000l., and the example was successfully followed by the nation in general. On the death of Dr. Potter, in 1747, he was translated to the see of Canterbury, and died in 1757.

There are several productions of his, but his principal one is, "A Treatise upon disorders of the Head." He also published Hippocrates, m Greek and Latin, with explanatory commenta ries, which have undergone many editions.

HEUSCH, William de, a landscape painter, of Utrecht, who died in the latter part of the 17th century. His nephew Jacob, and another of the same family, named Abraham, were als

HERSCHEL, Sir William, an eminent Eng lish astronomer, discoverer of the planet Georgium Sidus, or, as it is sometimes called Her-successful, as painters. schel, died in 1822, aged 84.

HERSENT, Charles, or Hersan, a French divine, known as the author of a severe satire against Richelieu: he died in 1660.

HERSEY, Ezekiel, an eminent physician, of Hincham, Mass., who gave 1000l. sterling to wards founding a professorship of anatomy and surgery in Harvard college; he died in 1770.

HERSEY, Abner, brother of Ezekiel, gave 5007. to establish a professorship of the theory and practice of physic in Cambridge; he died after 1770.

HERTZBERG, Ewald Frederic, comte de, a very eminent statesman, of Prussia, born at Lottin, in Pomerania. He became known in the literary world at the age of 17, and on leaving college, by a " Dissertation on History." On his return from the university, being known to Frederic II., who saw him possessed of merit, in 1745, he entered the diplomatic career as secretary of legation, and progressively rose to the highest point of rank and confidence in the state. The remembrance of him will always be closely connected with that of the great king whom he had the honour to serve. He died in 1795.

HERVEY, Augustus John, earl of Bristol a captain of the royal navy, and a lord of the admiralty; he died in 1779.

HERVEY, James, an English divine, of ex emplary virtue and piety, born at Hardingstone, in Northamptonshire, in 1714, died in 1758. His chief writings are, Meditations and Contemolations:"Remarks on Lord Bolingbroke's etters on the Study and Use of History;" and

HEUSINGER, John Michael, a Saxon di vine, eminent for his piety, was made professor at Gotha, and afterwards at Eisenach, where he died in 1751.

HEUSINGER, James Frederic, nephew of the preceding, was an able scholar, and a distinguished teacher; he died in 1778.

HEVELIUS, John, an eminent astronomer, born at Dantzic, in 1611, died in 1687; leaving behind him several valuable treatises.

HEVIN, Prudent, an eminent French sur geon, and writer on surgery, died at Paris, in 1789

HEWES, Joseph, a member of the conti nental congress from North-Carolina, and a signer of the declaration of Independence; he died in 1779.

HEWSON, William, a distinguished anato mist and lecturer, for some time the assistant and partner of Dr. Hunter, and author of several medical works; he died in 1774.

HEXHAM, John of, an English Benedictine, and historical writer, of the 12th century.

HEY, John, D. D., born in 1734, was educated at Cambridge, and in 1780, became the first Norrisian professor of divinity, which chair he resigned in 1795; he died in London, in 1815, leaving, besides other works, "Lectures on Di vinity."

HEYDEN, John Van der, an eminent Dutch landscape painter, died in 1712.

HEYLIN, Dr. Peter, an English divine and historian, born at Burford, in Oxfordshire, in 1600. In 1621, he published his "Microcosinus,

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or, Description of the Great World;" which is almost the only work that he is known by now; but that is in no very high esteem, being superseded by things abundantly better of the kind; he died in 1662.

hibits a splendid and durable monument of his industry.

HICKMAN, Henry, ejected for non-conformity, minister of an English congregation at Leyden, and author of several works; he died in 1688.

HIERO I., king of Syracuse, 478 B. C., celebrated by the pen of Pindar.

HEYNE, Christian Gottlieb, born in Silesia, 1719, succeeded Gesner, in 1763, in the professorship of rhetoric at Gottingen, where also he became secretary to the Society of Sciences. HIERO II., king of Syracuse, 268 B. C., was at He drew up a catalogue of the library at Got-one time the enemy, and afterwards, the friend tingen, which made 150 folio volumes. King of the Romans.

George III. placed his three younger sons under HIEROCLES, an enemy and persecutor of his care at Gottingen, and they all treated him the Christians in the 4th century.

with the greatest respect; he died suddenly, HIEROCLES, a Platonic philosopher of the July 14, 1812. His principal works were, an 5th century, taught at Alexandria with great reedition of Homer, with illustrations, 8 vols. ;putation, and wrote seven books upon Provianother of Virgil, with notes; and "Opuscula dence and Fate. These books, however, are Academica," 6 vols. 8vo. lost, and all we know of them is by the extracts HEYWOOD, John, a noted English poet and which are to be met with in Photius. Hierocles jester of his time, was one of the first who wrote also "A Commentary upon the Golden wrote English plays. He found means to become Verses of Pythagoras," which is still extant, a favourite with Henry VIII., and was well re-and has several times been published with those warded by that monarch for the mirth and quick-verses. ness of his conceits; he was born in London, HIERONIMUS, or, as he is commonly called, and died in 1565. Jerome, a very celebrated father of the church, born on the confines of Dalmatia, about 329, died in 420.

HEYWOOD, Jasper, son of the preceding, translated three tragedies of Seneca, and wrote various poems and devices, some of which are printed in a book called "The Paradise of Dainty Devices," in 1573, 4to; he was born in 1535, and died in 1597.

HEYWOOD, Thomas, an actor, and most voluminous play-writer, in the reigns of queen Elizabeth and James I. He is said to have been the author of 220 plays, of which only 24 are

now extant.

HIFFERNAN, Paul, a native of Ireland, but chiefly resident in England, and known as a dramatic writer, translator, and compiler, was born in Dublin, in 1719, and died in 1777. Some very curious and entertaining memoirs of this singular character, will be found in the European Magazine, vol. XXV.

HIGDEN, Ralph, an early English chronicler; died in 1363.

HEYWOOD, Eliza, a very voluminous writer, HIGDEN, Dr. William, an eminent political born in London, in 1693, died in 1756. Her latter writer in the time of queen Anne, died in 1715. and best writings are "The Female Spectator," HIGGENS, or HIGINS, John, an English, di 4 vols. "Epistles for the Ladies," 2 vols. "For-vine, who instructed youth, and wrote several tunate Foundling," 1 vol. " Adventures of Na-school-books; he died after 1604.

ture,

HIGGINSON, John, son of the preceding, much respected died in 1708, aged 93; he was a minister 72 years.

," "History of Betsy Thoughtless," 4 vols., HIGGINSON, Francis, first minister of Sa"Jenny and Jemmy Jessamy," 3 vols., "Invisi-lem, Massachusetts, arrived from England in ble Spy," 2 vols., "The Husband" and "The 1629, and died in 1630. Wife," 2 vols.; all in 12mo.: and a pamphlet, entitled, "A Present for a Servant Maid." When young, she dabbled in dramatic poetry, but with no great success: none of her plays being either HIGGONS, Sir Thomas, a writer, and an ammuch approved at first, or revived afterwards.bassador from England to Saxony and Vienna; HEYWOOD, Oliver, an English non-confor- he was knighted for his services, and died in mist divine, and a writer on theological subjects; he died in 1702. HEYWOOD, Nathaniel, a native of Bolton, ejected for non-conformity; died in 1677.

HEYWOOD, Thomas, junior, one of the signers of the declaration of Independence; he was from South Carolina.

HIACOOMES, the first Indian in New-England, converted to Christianity, was minister at Martha's vineyard; he died in 1699.

HICETAS, of Syracuse, an ancient philosopher, who flourished about 340 B. C. He taught that the sun and the stars were motionless, and that the earth moved round them; this is mentioned by Cicero, and probably gave the first hint of that system to Copernicus.

HICKEL, a celebrated portrait and historical painter, died at Hamburgh, April 1799.

HICKES, John, joined the duke of Monmouth's rebellion, in 1685, and for this disloyal act was executed.

1691.

HIGGONS, Bevil, a dramatic poet and historian; died in 1738.

HIGHMORE, Nathaniel, an eminent English anatomist; he died in 1684.

HIGHMORE, Joseph, an eminent English painter, born in London, in 1692, died in 1780. Mr. Highmore was also a respectable writer, and, among several other things, published in 1766, two small volumes of "Essays, Moral, Religious, and Miscellaneous."

HILARION, a native of Gaza, founded a monastic order in Palestine, and died in 371. HILARIUS, an ancient father of the Christian church, and bishop of Poictiers, who flourished in the 4th century.

HILARIUSE, Joseph, eminent as a medalist and antiquary, at Vienna; died in 1798.

HILARY, St. a native of Poictiers, in France, bishop of that town, in 355; was banished by Constantius, into Phrygia: and died in 367. HICKES, George, an English divine, anti- HILDEBERT, bishop of Mans, and then quary, critic, and polemical writer, of uncom-archbishop of Tours, distinguished. for piety, mon parts and learning, born in Yorkshire, in learning, &c.; died in the 12th century. 1642, died in 1715. His "Linguarum Septen-" HILDESLEY, Mark, an English bishop inneh trionalium Thesaurus," published in 1705, ex- steemed; he died in 1772.

241

HILL, Aaron, a celebrated poet and miscella- HILLEL, the prince, great grandson of Judas neous writer, born in London, in 1685, died in Hakkadosh, was one of the writers of the Gema1750 His principal works are, "Elfrid, or ra; he flourished in the middle of the 4th century. The Fair Inconstant," a tragedy; "Rinaldo," HILLIARD, Nicholas, limner to queen Elian opera; another tragedy, called, "The Fatal zabeth, whose picture he drew several times, Vision, or, The Fall of Siam;" and two trage-was born at Exeter, in 1547, died in 1619. He dies, called, "Merope," and "Zara;" which imitated the style of Holbein; and Isaac Oliver were brought upon the stage in Drury-lane, by was his pupil. Donne has celebrated this painter Garrick. in a poem, called, "The Storm;" where he says, "A hand, an eye,

HILL, Joseph, an English puritan divine, who fled to Holland; author of an improved edition of" Schrevelii Lexicon," &c.; he died in 1707. By Hilliard drawn, is worth a history." HILL, Sir John, an English writer, born about 1716, died in 1775. He was bred an apo HILLIARD,Timothy,minister of Cambridge, thecary, and set up in St. Martin's lane, West- Mass., died in 1790, much respected for his talninster; but, marrying early, and without aents and qualifications. fortune, he was obliged to look round for other

HIMERIUS, a Greek grammarian, who kept

resources than his profession. Being possessed a school at Athens, in the time of Julian. of quick natural parts, he soon made himself HINCKLEY, John, an English divine, who acquainted with the theoretical as well as prac-published some works; he died in 1691. tical parts of botany; and being recommended HINCMAR, or HINCMARUS, archbishop of to the duke of Richmond and lord Petre, he, un-Rheims, a zealous supporter of the Gallican der their patronage, executed a scheme of travel church; he died in 882.

HIPPARCHUS, a great astronomer, born at Nice, in Bithynia, flourished between 160 and 125 B. C. He is reckoned to have been the first who from vague and scattered observations re- * duced astronomy into a science, and prosecuted the study of it systematically.

HIPPARCHUS, son of Pisistratus, was slain by Harmodius and Aristogiton, 528 B. C.

ling over several parts of England, to gather HIPPARCHIA, a celebrated lady who flourcertain of the most rare and uncommon plants, ished in the time of Alexander. She addicted which he afterwards published by subscription.herself to philosophy, and wrote some things About 1746, he translated from the Greek a which have not been transmitted down to us small tract, written by Theophrastus, "On among which were "Tragedies; Philosophical Gems;" and this being well executed, pro-Hypotheses, or Suppositions; some Reasonings cured him friends, reputation, and money. En- and Questions proposed to Theodorus, surnamed couraged by this, he engaged in works of greater the Atheist," &c. extent and importance. The first that he undertook was, "A General Natural History," 3 vols. folio. He next engaged, in conjunction with George Lewis Scott, Esq., for a "Supplement to Chamber's Dictionary." He at the same time started the "British Magazine;" and, when engaged in a number of these and other works, some of which seemed to require a man's whole attention, carried on a daily essay, under the ti- HIPPOCRATES, the father of physic and tle of "The Inspector." He next applied himself prince of physicians, born in the island of Cos to the preparation of certain simple medicines: in the 80th Olympiad, flourished at the time of namely, the "Essence of Water-dock, Tincture the Peloponnesian war. He was the first man of Valerian, Pectoral Balsam of Honey, and that we know of, who laid down precepts conTincture of Bardana." The well-known sim-cerning physic. On account of his wonderful plicity of these medicines made the public judge skill and foresight in this art, he passed with favourably of their effects, insomuch that they the Grecians for a god, and after his death had had a rapid sale. Soon after the publication of divine honours paid him. He died at about 90 the first of these medicines, he obtained the years of age. His works have often been printed. patronage of the earl of Bute; under which he HIPPONAX, a satirist of Ephesus, as republished a very pompous and yoluminous bo-markable for his wit as the deformity of his tanical work, entitled, "A System of Botany ;"person. Bupalus and Anthermus, two eminent and having, a year or two before his death, pre-statuaries, caricatured him in a statue: on which sented an elegant set of his botanical works to he wrote such bitter invectives against them,that the king of Sweden, that monarch invested him they both despatched themselves; or (as others with one of the orders of his court. say) left Ephesus on the occasion.

HILL, Robert, a man remarkable for his perseverance and talent in learning many languages by the aid of books alone, and that under every disadvantage of laborious occupation (as a tailor) and extreme poverty; he was born at Miswell, near Tring, in Hertfordshire, in 1699, and died in 1777.

"Acer hostis Bupalo," says Horace.

In the Anthologia, there are some epigrams on
Hipponax.

HIRAM, king of Tyre; he furnished Solomon with materials for the temple, and died 1000

HILL, William, an English scholar, who pre-B. C. pared an edition of Dionysius Periegetis; he died in 1667.

HIRE, Laurence de la, a much admired French painter, died in 1656.

HILL, George, an eminent clergyman, of HIRE, Philip de la, a celebrated French maScotland, professor of Greek, and afterwards thematician, son of Laurence; his works are of divinity at the college of St. Salvador, prin-numerous and valuable; he died in 1718. cipal of St. Mary's College, and chaplain to the king; he died in 1820.

HILL, Thomas Ford, an eminent English antiquary and philologist, died Sept., 1795.

HILLEL, the Elder, a Jewish doctor, of the Mischna, born about 30 B. C., he reduced the Jewish traditions into six treatises.

HIRE, Philip de la, brother of the preceding a painter, whose portraits are admired; he died in 1719.

HISCAM, or HISIAM, 15th caliph of the Ommiades, ascended the throne in 723, and died in 743.

HITCHCOCK, Enos, D. D., minister of Pro

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