tions are, "St. Pierre's Studies of Nature;" tiation, and defender of Wickliffe, and was "Sonnini's Travels in Egypt;""Saurin's Ser- burnt alive by the council of Constance, in mons;" and the "Physiognomical Essays of 1415. Lavater."

HUSSEY, Giles, a most ingenious English portrait, painter, in 1710, died suddenly, while working in his garden at Beaston, Asliburtor Devonshire, in 1788. Professor Barry, in his noble painting, which adorns the large room at the Society of Arts in the Adelphi, has thought Mr. Hussey entitled to an eminent place in his Elysium, and has introduced him behind Phidias; observing, that his abilites were calculated tation (but for the professional envy and rancour of a wretched cabal), and that he appeared no less amiable as a man, than he was admirable as an artist.

HUNTINGDON, Selina, countess dowager of, daughter of Washington, earl Ferrers, was born in 1707, married in 1728, Theophilus earl Huntingdon, by whom she had issue four sons and three daughters, and died in 1791. Her ladyship had been a widow 45 years; and her great religious concerns, as head of a very nu merous sect in Great Britain and Ireland, she left by will in the hands of committees for man-to have raised his country to an immortal repuaging them in both kingdoms. Her religious principles have been long since known; and her unbounded benevolence bore the best testimony of the purity of her intentions; having, in the course of her life, expended above 100,0007. in public and private acts of charity.

HUTCHESON, Dr. Francis, a very fine writer on moral philosophy, and an excellent man, HUNTINGTON, Henry of, an English chro- born in Ireland, in 1694, died in 1747. His nicler of the 12th century; he wrote a history" Moral Philosophy" was published at Glasgow, of England from the earliest accounts to the in 1755. death of king Stephen.

HUNTINGTON, Robert, a learned English divine, and writer of travels, born in 1636, died in 1701.

HUNTINGTON, Joseph, D. D., minister of Coventry, Conn., author of " Calvinism Improved," which was answered by Dr. Strong, of Bradford, Conn.; he died in 1795.

HUTCHINS, John, author of the history, and antiquities of Dorsetshire; he died in 1773HUTCHINS, Thomas, geographer general of the United States; he published several maps, and died at Pittsburgh, in 1789.

HUTCHINSON, Ann, an artful woman in Massachusetts, whose religious opinions were heretical, and which were condemned by a coun cil of ministers: she was banished from the co lony, and was murdered by the Indians, west of

HUTCHINSON, Thomas, governor of Massa

HUNTINGTON, Samuel, an eminent lawyer of Connecticut, was a member of congress from that state, in 1776, and a signer of the declara-New-Haven, in 1643. tion of Independence; afterwards a judge and chief justice of the supreme court, and lieuten-chusetts, odious for his arbitrary conduct in ant governor of the state; he died in 1796. bis office; he published a History of the Colony of Massachusetts, &c., and died in England, in 1760.

HUTCHINSON, John, an English philosophical and critical author, celebrated as the op ponent of Dr. Woodward in natural history, and of Sir Isaac Newton in philosophy; he was born in Yorkshire, in 1674, and died in 1737.

HUNTINGTON, Samuel, a native of Connecticut, removed to Ohio, in 1801, and was afterwards, chief justice of the supreme court, and governor of that state; he died in 1817. HUNTINGTON, Jedediah, a general, and a distinguished officer in the American army during the revolution, afterwards treasurer of the state of Connecticut, and collector of the HUTCHINSON, John Hely, a celebrated customs for the port of New-London; he died Irish lawyer and statesman; not a little remark in 1818. able for his avidity after lucrative offices. BeHUNTORST, Gerard, one of the best Dutching at one and the same time a privy counsellor, painters of the 16th century.

HURD, Dr. Richard, bishop of Worcester. His "Dialogues on Chivalry and Romance," "Sermons at Lincoln's Inn Chapel," and "Life and Works of Bishop Warburton," are his principal literary productions. In 1783, on the death of archbishop Cornwallis, Dr. Hurd, who had been preceptor to the prince of Wales and the duke of York, was offered the primacy; but requested of the king permission to decline it. He died in 1808, in the 89th year of his age.

reversionary secretary of state, major of the 4th regiment of horse, provost of Trinity College, Dublin, and searcher, packer, and gauger of the port of Strangford. A late British minister, lord North, made the following remark on him: "If England and Ireland were given to this man, he would solicit the Isle of Man for a potato garden." Mr. Hutchinson was born in 1715, and died in 1794.

HUTTEN, Ulric de, a satirical writer, of Germany, distinguished for his zeal in support of the reformation, his hostility to the church of Rome, and the eccentricity and profligacy of his private life; he died on an island in the lake of Zurich, in 1528.

HURDIS, Dr. James, a learned divine, and a very pleasing poet, born at Bishopstone, Sussex, in 1763, died at Buckland, in Berkshire, in 1801. Dr. Hurdis was poetry professor in the university of Oxford. His principal poems are, "The HUTTEN, Jacob, a native of Silesia, founder Village Curate," "The Favourite Village," of an anabaptist sect, called the Moravian breth "Sir Thomas More," a tragedy, and "Adria-ren; the time of his death is not known, although no: or, The First of June." He also published it is said, he was burnt as a heretic. "Twelve Dissertations on the Nature and Occasion of Psalm and Prophecy."

HURE, Charles, a French divine, was professor of languages in the university of Paris, and afterwards principal of the college of BenHe wrote a Dictionary of the Bible, &c.,

court.

and died in 1717.
HUSS, John, a celebrated German reformer
martyr, born in Bohemia, in 1376. He was
topposer of the doctrine of transubstan-

HUTTER, Elias, a protestant divine, distinguished as a learned orientalist; be died at Nuremburg, in 1602.

HUTTER, Leonard, a learned German d vine, professor of theology, at Wittemberg, and rector of the university there; he died in 1616

HUTTON, Matthew, professor of divinity in Cambridge, bishop of Durham, and afterward archbishop of York; he died in 1605.

HUTTON, William, the historian of B

HUYSUM, John Van, son of the preceding, HYRCANUS, John, prince and high-priest of was also distinguished as a painter; as were the Jews, after his father. He restored his nation his two brothers. He died in 1749. to independence, from the power of Antiochus, HYDE, Edward, earl of Clarendon, and chan-king of Syria, and died 106 B. C. He was succellor of England, born in Dinton, in Wiltshire, ceeded by his son of the same name, who died in 1608, and died in 1674. His name is immor- 30 B. C. talized by his "History of the Rebellion," in the time of Charles I. He was afterwards, how-Wales; he died in 1171. ever, impeached of high treason, and fled to France, where he died.

HYPATIA, a most beautiful, virtuous, and
earned lady of antiquity, daughter of Theon,
ho governed the Platonic school at Alexandria,
e place of her birth and education, in the lat-
r part of the 4th century. Socrates tells us,
at Hypatia" arrived at such a pitch of learn-
z, as very far to exceed all the philosophers of
er time."*
But our notions of Hypatia will be
odigiously heightened, when we consider her
cceeding her father, as she actually did, in the
Overnment of the Alexandrian school: teach-of the 5th century.

IDRIS, Gawr, a Welch astronomer, after whom one of the highest mountains of Wales is named.

INGOULT, Nicholas Lewis, a native of Gi sors, was eloquent as a preacher of the jesuits, and died in 1753.

INGRAM, Robert, an English divine, and the

INGRASSIA, John Philip, a celebrated phy sician, of Palerino, died in 1581.

IFLAND, Augustus William, a celebrated German actor and dramatic writer, died at Ber-author of various works, died in 1804. lin, in 1814. He was interred with great pomp. IGNATIUS, surnamed Theophrastus, bishop of Antioch, born in Syria, and educated under INGUIMBERTI, Dominic Joseph Marie d', the apostle and evangelist, St. John. He was a learned divine, and bishop of Carpentras, was torn to pieces by lions, at Rome, by command a munificent and pious prelate, and died in 1757. of the emperor Trajan, A. D. 107. His epistles INGULPHUS, abbot of Croyland, was born are very interesting remains of ecclesiastical in London, in 1030, wrote " Historia Monasterii antiquity on many accounts; but the most im- Croylandensis," and died in 1109. portant use of his writings respects the authen- INNOCENT I., was elected pope in 402, and ticity of the Holy Scriptures, which he frequent-died in 417. ly alludes to in the very expressions that they stand in at this day.

IGNATIUS, patriarch of Constantinople, in 847, died in 878.

IGNATIUS. See LOYOLA. IGOR, sovereign prince of Russia, died in 945.

INNOCENT II., was elected pope after Hono rius II.; he was driven into France by a rival pope, but afterwards returned, and died at Rome, in 1143.

INNOCENT III., Lothaire Conti, elevated to the popedom, in 1198. He persecuted the Albigenses, and raised the papal authority to its greatest height. He died in 1216.

ILDEFONSE, St., bishop of Toledo, and author of an Ecclesiastical History, died in 667. ILIVE, Jacob, an English printer and miscel-dinal, was elected pope in 1243, and was the laneous writer, died in 1768.

ILLESCAS, Gonsalvo, a Spanish ecclesiastic, author of the lives of the popes, died in 1580. ILLTYD VARCHOG, or ILLUTUS, asaint, who is said to have taught the Welch an improved method of ploughing. He died in 480. ILLYRIUS, Matthias Flaccus, or Francowitz, was a learned divine, who completed his education under Luther and Melancthon; he died in 1575.

IMBERT, Bartholomew, a poet of Nismes, died in 1790.

IMBERT, John, an advocate of Rochelle, died in the 16th century.

IMBERT, Joseph Gabriel, a painter, of Marseilles, who entered a monastic order, and died in 1749.

IMHOFF, James William, a very famous genealogist, born at Nuremberg, in 1651, died in 1728.

IMPERIALI, John Baptist, an Italian physician, and one of the 24 nobles of Genoa, died in 1623.

IMPERIALI, John, son of the preceding, eminent as a writer and physician, died in 1653. IMPERIALI, Guiseppe Renato, a cardinal, known for a magnificent library which adorns the city of Rome; he died in 1737.

INNOCENT IV., Sinibaldi de Fiesque, carfirst who invested the cardinals with a red bat, as a mark of dignity. He died in 1254.

INNOCENT V., Peter de Tarantaise, arch bishop of Lyons, was made pope in 1276, and died the same year.

INNOCENT VI., Stephen Aibert, bishop of Ostia, was elected pope in 1352, and died in 1362. INNOCENT VII., Come de Meliorati, was elected pope in 1404, and died in 1406. INNOCENT VIII., John Baptist Cibo, a noble Genoese, was elected pope in 1484, and died in 1492.

INNOCENT IX., John Anthony Facchinetti, an Italian, was elected pope in 1591, and died two months after.

INNOCENT X., John Baptist Pamphili, was elected pope in 1644. He published a bull against the Jansenists, and died in 1655.

INNOCENT XI., Benedict Odescalchi, an Italian, was elected pope in 1676, and died in 1689.

INNOCENT XII., Anthony Pignatelli, a Nea politan, elected pope in 1691; he condemned Fen elon's Maxims of the Saints, and died in 1700.

INNOCENT XIII., Michael Angelo Conti, a native of Rome, and the eighth pope of the family, was elected in 1721, and died in 1794. INSTITOR, Henry, a Dominican, inquisitor general of Mayence, Treves, and Cologne, and

INA, a king of the West Saxons; he went to Rome in 726, and founded an English college.author of some works. INACHUS, founded the kingdom of Argos, about 1858 B. C.

INCHOFER, Melchior, a German jesuit. He wrote a satire against the jesuits, and died in 1648.

INTAPHERNES, one of the seven nobles of Persia, who conspired against the usurper, Smerdis, 521 B. C.

INTERIAN DE AYALA, John, a Spaniard. author of some poems, died in 1770.

INVEGES, Augustino, a Sicilian historisn and antiquary, of the order of the jesuits, died

INDULPHUS, a Scotch king, said to be the 77th since the foundation of that monarchy. INGENHOUZ, Dr. John, an eminent natu-in 1677. ral philosopher, who happily applied his chymical discoveries to the purposes of medical and agricultural improvements. Many of his dis quisitions will be found in the Philosophical Transactions of London, vol. 65 to 72. He was born at Breda, but was latterly resident in England and died at Bowood park, the seat of the marquis of Lansdowne, in 1799.

INGHEN, William Van, a Dutch painter, who died in the 17th century. INGOLDSBY, Richard, governor of the coy of New-York was succeeded by governor

an, in 1700.

IRELAND,Samuel, a gentleman, bred, we hav been told, to trade; but, endowed with a ture to science and literature, he soon distinguished himself as the draftsman, engraver and illus trator of several elegant and esteemed works among which were, "A Picturesque Tou through Holland, Brabant, and part of France in 1789;" "Picturesque Views on the River Thames, and on the Medway" "Graphic lustrations of Hogarth;" "Picturesque View of the Severn and Avon;" and "Picturesqu Views, with an Historical Account, of the I of Court in London and Westminster."

June 11, 1860, (being the very day on which] concluding sheet of his last mentioned work to press,) of a broken heart, as is believhaving been most illiberally accused (withany proof) of being concerned in the forge of the pretended Shakspeare MSS.; from ch his son, W. H. Ireland (the real fabricaof that most ingenious literary imposition,) confessional pamphlet, publicly and solemn(culpated him.

ELAND, John, author of "Illustrations of arth," and "Life and Letters of Mr. John derson,' the actor, was born near Wem, in pshire, and died in the vicinity of Birmingin 1808.

ISAUS, a celebrated Greek orator, and native of Chalcis, in Syria, the scholar of Lysias, and preceptor of Demosthenes. He flourished 396 years before Christ, and was the first who applied eloquence to state affairs, in which he was followed by his scholar Demosthenes.

ISAIAH, the greatest of the prophets, was of the lineage of David. He prophesied froin 735 to 681 B.C., and is said to have been cut in two with a wooden saw, by the cruel king Manasseh. ISDEGERDES, king of Persia, was valiant, but cruel. He persecuted the Christians, and died in 420.

ISELIN, James Christopher, was professor of divinity at Basil, where he died in 1737. ENEUS, Saint, bishop of Lyons, in France, ISHMAEL, son of Abraham, by Hagar, 1910 wrote an elaborate work "against Here B. C. He was the progenitor of the Arabians. part of which is still extant under his ISHMAEL I., sophy of Persia, was distine. He suffered martyrdom in the 5th per-guished for his valour and wisdom, and died in tion of the Christians under Severus, A. D.||1523.

ISHMAEL II., sophy of Persia, murdered his LETON, Henry, son-in-law to Oliver Crom-eight brothers, and at last was poisoned by his and a brave general in his army, died in own sister, in 1579.

ISIDORE, of Alexandria, placed over a mo

EVISA, John, an Englishman, who trans-nastery, by Athanasius, died in 403.

I the "Polychronicon," in 1387.

ISIDORE, St., surnamed Pelusiota,or Daciate, NERIUS, called also Wernerus, or Guar-from his retiring into a solitude near the town is, a German lawyer of the 12th century, which bears both these names, was the most was properly the restorer of the Roman celebrated of the disciples of John Chrysostom. He died in 1150. He died about 440; and we have remaining 2012 of his letters, in five books.

ONSIDE, Gilbert, an Englishman, who, at restoration, was made bishop of Bristol; ied in 1671.

RVINE, William, a major-general in the erican army during the revolution, and afards a member of congress, from Pennsylia; he died in 1804.

He

WIN, Eyles, was born at Calcutta, of Irish nts, educated in England, and afterwards loyed in a civil capacity, in the East. distinguished as a poet and miscellaneous er, and died in 1817.

AAC, son of Abraham and Sarah, was the er of Esau, the progenitor of the Edomites, of Jacob, the ancestor of the Israelites. He 1716 B. C.

AAC, Angelus, Greek emperor, in 1185.
vas imprisoned by his brother, and died in

AAC, Caro, a rabbi, of Spain, who retired
erusalem, and devoted himself to study and
ude; he died in the 16th century.
SAAC COMMENUS, Greek emperor, in
'. After a turbulent reign, he retired to a
astery, and died in 1061.

AACSON, Henry, an Englishman; he wrote
Juable chronological work, and died in 1654.
SABELLA, daughter of Philip the Fair,
of France, was born in 1292, and married
dward II., of England. Her conduct was
itious, and she died in prison.

ISIDORE, of Cordova, was bishop of Cordova, in the age of Honorius.

ISIDORE, of Seville, a bishop of that city, was called the doctor of the age; he died in 636. ISIDORUS, of Charax, a Greek author, 300 B. C.

ISINGRINIUS, Michael, an eminent printer, of Basil, of the 16th century.

ISMENIAS, a Theban general, who refused to kneel before a Persian king.

ISOCRATES, a Greek orator, born at Athens, in the first year of the 86th Olympiad, i. e. 436 years before Christ, died at the age of 98. We have 21 orations of his composing.

ISRAEL, Manasseh Ben, a learned rabbi, of the Low Countries, who offered Cromwell two hundred thousand pounds for permission to the Jews to settle in England. He died in 1657.

ITTIGIUS, Thomas, a German divine, and professor of divinity at Leipsic, died in 1710.

IVES, or YVES, bishop of Chartres, in 1093, led a life of great piety; he died in 1115, and was canonized.

IVETEAUX, Nicholas Vauquelin seigneur de, a French poet, and preceptor to Lewis XIII., when dauphin; he died in 1649, after leading a licentious life.

IWAN V., John Alexiowitz, succeeded to the throne of Russia in 1682. He was a weak prince, unworthy of a throne, and died in 1696. ABELLA, of Bavaria, married Charles VI., IWAN VI., of Brunswick Bevern, succeeded 'rance, in 1385, and died little lamented, into the throne of Russia in 1740, at the age of three months. He was imprisoned, and at last put to death, in 1746.

ABELLA, daughter of John II., of Castile,
ried Ferdinand V., king of Arragon, in
She succeeded to the throne of Castile
474, and thus united the two kingdoms.
reign is remarkable for the discovery of
rica by Columbus. She died in 1504.
ABELLA, daughter of Alphonso, duke of
bria, was married to John Galeazzo Sforza,
9, and died in 1524.
SABELLA, sister of the king of Poland,
and John Zopolita, king of Hungary, in

and died in 1559.

IZAAČKÉ, Richard, an Englishman, wrote the history of Oxford, and died in 1724.

J

JAAPHAN, Ebn Tophail, an Arabian philosopher, cotemporary with Averroes, who died about 1198. He composed a philosophical romance, entitled "The Life or History of Hai Ebn Yokdhan;" in which he endeavours to demonstrate, how a man may, by the mer

light of nature, attain the knowledge of things natural and supernatural; more particularly the knowledge of God, and the affairs of another life.

of the points in Hebrew to serve for vowels, and of the accents, to facilitate the reading of that language.

JACOB, Ben Haim, a rabbi, of the 16th cenJABLONSKI, Daniel Ernest, a popish divine, tury, who rendered himself famous by the col of Germany. He endeavoured to reconcile the lection of the Masore, which is properly a criLutherans and Calvinists; wrote some disser-tique upon the books of the Bible, in order to tations and other works, and died in 1741. settic the true reading.

JABLONSKI, Theodore, counsellor of the court of Prussia, was a man of extensive erudi-the Brownists, and died in 1621. tion, and highly esteemed. His publications

JACOB, Henry, an Englishman, wrote against

JACOB, Henry, son of the preceding, was an able Orientalist, and died in 1652. JACOB, a Hungarian monk, of the 13th century, preached a crusade against the Saracens. JACOB, Giles, an English law writer, biographer, and lexicographer, born at Romsey, in Hampshire, in 1686, died in 1744. Besides a Law Dictionary, he published two volumes, entitled "The Poetical Register; or, Lives and Characters of the English poets."

JACOB AL BARDAI, was an able leader of the Eutychians, and a disciple of Severus, JACOBÆUS, Oliger, professor of philosophy,

JACOBS, Jurian, a Swiss painter, died in 1664.

JACKSON, Thomas, an English divine, pre-at Copenhagen, and an author; he died in 1701. sident of Corpus Christi college, Oxford, and a man of learning and piety; he died in 1640. JACKSON, John, an English divine, theologi- JACOMB, Thomas, D. D., a fellow of Trinity cal and historical author, born in 1686, died in college, Cambridge, was ejected for non-con1763. His last and capital work was, "Chrono-formity, and died in 1687.logical Antiquities," 1752.

JACOPONE, da Todi, an Italian poet, cotem

JACKSON, Joseph, a letter-founder of distin-porary with Dante, died in 1306. guished eminence, born in 1733. In testimony JACQUELOT, Isaac, a French protestant of his abilities, let it suffice to mention, as mat-minister, who, on the revocation of the edict ters of difficulty and curiosity, the fac-simile of Nantes, became chaplain to the king of Prustypes which he formed for Doomsday-Book, and sia; he died in 1708. the Alexandrian New Testament: and, as a pattern of the most perfect symmetry, the types with which Mr. Bensley printed the splendid edition of the Bible, published by the late Mr. Macklin. Mr. Jackson died in 1792.

JACKSON, Arthur, an ejected non-conformist divine, wrote a commentary on the Bible, and died in 1666.

JACQUET, Lewis, a native of Lyons, was an admirer and imitator of Rosseau, and died in 1793.

JACQUIER, Francis, a Frenchman, eminent as a mathematician and divine, died in 1788. JADDUS, high-priest of Judea, when Alexander approached Jerusalem to destroy it. JADELOT, Nicholas, a Frenchman, known JACKSON, Cyril, D. D. an eminent divine, as a physician and an author, died in 1793. born at Stamford, in 1746, and educated at Ox JAEGER, John Wolfgang, a Lutheran diford. He was sub-preceptor to his present ma-vine, and divinity professor, at Tubingen, Le jesty; in consequence, he was made dean of wrote several Latin works, and died in 1720. Christ-Church, which he resigned in 1809. This JAGO, Richard, an English divine and poet, elegant scholar declined the mitre, though the born in 1715. About 1732 he was entered as a primacy of Ireland, as well as an English bishop-servitor in University college, Oxford; in which ric, had been offered him. He died at Felpham, humiliating situation he was visited by his Sussex, in 1819. schoolfellow, Shenstone, then a commoner in JACKSON, Dr. William, brother of the pre-Pembroke college, who introduced him to his ceding, was prebendary of York, regius profes-fellow collegians. In 1767, he published a poem sor of Greek at Oxford, and bishop of Oxford; called "Edge Hill," by which his poetical repo he died in 1811. tation was completely established; and he died JACKSON, William, a musical composer of rector of Kilmcote, Leicestershire, in 1781. A considerable eminence, and author of several in-collection of his poems was published in 1784. genious literary productions in prose and verse,|| JAILLOT, Alexis Hubert, a French sculptor, was born at Exeter, in 1730. His musical pro-and geographer to the king, died in 1780. ductions are too numerous to be here detailed, JAMBLICUS, the name of two celebrated and too well known to require it. In 1782, he Platonic philosophers, in the 4th century, one published" Thirty Letters on various Subjects." of whom was a native of Chalcis, and the other In 1791, he published "Observations on the pre-of Apamea, in Syria. sent State of Music in London ;" and in 1798, he added another volume to his Letters, under the title of "The Four Ages; with Essays on various Subjects." Mr. Jackson was organist of the cathedral at Exeter; and, besides his musical talents, was an excellent painter, chiefly in the landscape way. He died in 1803.

JACOB, son of Isaac and Rebecca, obtained his brother's birthright, and went to Egypt, here he died 1689 B. C., aged 147.

OB, Ben Napthali, a famous Jew rabbi,
century, and inventor (with Ben Aser

JAMES, St., the Great, son of Zebedee, one of the apostles, was put to death by Herod, A. D. 44.

JAMES, St., the Less, brother of Simon and Jude, was also one of the apostles. He was surnamed the Just, and put to death, A. D. &

JAMES, St. a bishop of Nisibis, distinguish ed for his patriotism and benevolence; he died about 350.

JAMES I., king of Scotland, was taken by the English, imprisoned 18 years, and then libe rated. He was assassinated in 1437