...term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. CHAPTER XXI ». OF DEFAMATION. 499. Whoever by words either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs or by visible representations, makes or publishes any imputation concerning any person intending to harm, or knowing or having reason...

...For commentary on this chapter, see Part II., §§ 662 — 693, and special references below. 499. WHOEVER, by words either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs, or by visible representaDefamation. ,• i i_v i_ • xtions, makes or publishes any imputation concerning any person,...

...was delivered has bean amended in a very material degree. Formerly Section 121 A ran as follows : " whoever by words, either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs, or by visible representation or otherwise, excites or attempts to excite feelings of disaffection, etc., etc. " The...

...as the lawyer's presumption does. Similarly, with the definition of defamation in the same code, ' 'Whoever by words either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs or by visible representations makes or publishes any imputation concerning any person, intending to harm, or knowing or having reason...

...mentioned in section 499 of the Indian Penal Code ? Section 499 of the Indian Penal Code provides that " whoever by words either spoken or intended to be read or by signs or by visible representations makes or publishes any imputation concerning any person, intending to harm, or knowing or having reason...

...to describe what people might or might not say. The section (124A) was passed as follows : " 124 A. Whoever by words, either spoken, or intended to be read, or by signs or by visible representations or otherwise, excites or attempts to excite, feelings of disaffection to the Government established...

...Penal Code. The provision relating to sedition is contained in section 5, and is as follows : — i " Whoever by words, either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs, or by visible representation or otherwise, excites or attempts to excite feelings of disaffection to the Government...

...as to intention, the Section, which was eventually embodied in the Code as 124 A, ran as follows: " Whoever by words either spoken or intended to be read or by signs or by visible representation or otherwise, excites or attempts to excite feelings of disaffection towards the Government...

...436. Whoever by words either spoken or reproduced by Defamation . . , . defined. any mechanical means or intended to be read or by signs or by visible representations makes or publishes any imputation concerning any person, intending to harm or knowing or having reason...

...which, though framed by the Indian Law Commissioners, was not added to that body of law till 1870 :— " Whoever by words either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise, excites, or attempts to excite, feelings of disaffection for the government...