44. ED 8/3: ED 8/10

STANFORD LIBRARY

JUN

25

HEARINGS

BEFORE A

1941

SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE
COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR
UNITED STATES SENATE

SEVENTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS

FIRST SESSION

ON

S. 1313

A BILL TO STRENGTHEN THE NATIONAL DEFENSE
AND PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE THROUGH
THE APPROPRIATION OF FUNDS TO ASSIST THE
STATES AND TERRITORIES IN MEETING FINANCIAL
EMERGENCIES IN EDUCATION AND IN REDUCING
INEQUALITIES OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

APRIL 28, 29, AND 30, 1941

Printed for the use of the Committee on Education and Labor

CONTENTS

DATE OF HEARING AND STATEMENT OF WITNESSES

April 28, 1941:

Dawson, Dr. Howard A., director of rural service, National Educa-

tion Association....

McNutt, Hon. Paul V., Administrator, Federal Security Agency.

Reeves, Dr. Floyd W., chairman of the Advisory Committee on Edu-

cation, Federal Security Agency.

Hall, Sidney B., State superintendent of public instruction, Rich-

mond, Va.

Sutton, Dr. Willis A., superintendent of schools, Atlanta, Ga..

Norton, Dr. John K., Teachers College, Columbia University-

Zook, Dr. George F., president, American Council on Education---

Crable, A. L., State superintendent of public instruction of Oklahoma

Collins, Dr. M. D., State superintendent of schools of Georgia__.

Parratt, J. Easton, president, Utah Education Association...

Gilbert, Levi, president, Pennsylvania State Education Association__

April 29, 1941:

Dinwiddie, Courtenay, general secretary, National Child Labor Com-

mittee.

Page

6

90

96

124

131

136

152

158

160

161

168

173

Wilson, Hon. Earl, Congressman from the State of Indiana

McSherry, Lt. Col. Frank J., director, defense training, Federal Se-

curity Agency.

179

183

Fries, Maj. Gen. Amos A., regional director, Friends of the Public

Schools of America.

185

Alexander, Dr. Will W., assistant to the Federal Security Adminis-

trator, Federal Security Agency..

198

Sparkman, Hon. John J., Congressman from the State of Oklahoma..

Houston, Charles H., general counsel, National Association for the

Advancement of Colored People__

204

218

Woodson, Howard D., chairman, Far Northeast Council of the Dis-

trict of Columbia_

225

Robnett, George W., executive secretary, the Church League of

America

227

Vandiver, J. S., State superintendent of schools of the State of Mis-

sissippi

242

Wells, Jere A., superintendent of Fulton County schools, Fulton

County, Ga..

246

Phillips, K. G., president, North Carolina Education Association__

Trent, W. W., State superintendent of free schools of West Virginia__

April 30, 1941:

Harriman, Henry L., vice chairman, American Youth Commission___

Studebaker, John W., United States Commissioner of Education.

Alves, H. F., United States Office of Education_

256

258

263

268

278

Hart, Merwin K., president, New York State Economic Council.

Marsh, Benjamin C., executive secretary, People's Lobby.

Wilkerson, Dr. Doxey A., associate professor of education, Howard

University, Washington, D. C...........

289

305

307

Glenn, Dr. C. B., superintendent of schools, Birmingham, Ala

313

Scott, C. H., president, Federal Education Legislative Agency, Inc.,

Washington, D. C.

316

Hetzel, Ralph D., Jr., representing Congress of Industrial Organiza-

tions_

326

Logan, Dr. Rayford, chairman, Committee on the Participation of

Negroes in the National Defense Program_

April 30, 1941-Continued.

Dennis, L. H., executive secretary, American Vocational Association_

Givens, Willard E., executive secretary, National Education Associa-

tion..

Page

331

332

Long, Dr. Howard H., representing the Association of Presidents of
Land Grant Colleges for Negroes-

333

Ogg, W. R., American Farm Bureau Federation, Washington, D. C__
Worrell, Mrs. Margaret H., representing the Columbia Heights Citi-
zens Association, Washington, D. C____

339

342

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF WITNESSES

Long, Dr. Howard H., representing the Association of Presidents of Land
Grant Colleges for Negroes_

Alexander, Dr. Will W., assistant to the Federal Security Administrator,

Federal Security Agency-

Alves, H. F., United States Office of Education_-_-

Collins, Dr. M. D., State superintendent of schools of Georgia

Crable, A. L., State superintendent of public instruction of Oklahoma..

Dawson, Dr. Howard A., director of rural service, National Education
Association_

Dennis, L. H., executive secretary, American Vocational Association_

Dinwiddie, Courtenay, general secretary, National Child Labor Com-

mittee..

Fries, Maj. Gen. Amos A., regional director, Friends of the Public Schools
of America_

Givens, Willard E., executive secretary, National Education Association__
Glenn, Dr. C. B., superintendent of schools, Birmingham, Ala.
Harriman, Henry L., vice chairman, American Youth Commission..
Hart, Merwin K., president, New York State Economic Council..
Hetzel, Ralph D., Jr., representing Congress of Industrial Organizations
Houston, Charles H., general counsel, National Association for the Ad-
vancement of Colored People_

Gilbert, Levi, president, Pennsylvania State Education Association_
Hall, Sidney B., State superintendent of public instruction, Richmond, Va
Logan, Dr. Rayford, chairman, Committee on the Participation of Negroes
in the National Defense Program__.

198

278

160

158

6

331

173

185

332

313

263

289

326

218

168

124

327

333

McNutt, Hon. Paul V., Administrator, Federal Security Agency.

McSherry, Lt. Col. Frank J., director, defense training, Federal Security

Agency

90

183

Marsh, Benjamin C., executive secretary, People's Lobby.

Norton, Dr. John K., Teachers College, Columbia University.

305

136

Ogg, W. R., American Farm Bureau Federation, Washington, D. C..

Parratt, J. Easton, president, Utah Education Association.

Phillips, K. G., president, North Carolina Education Association_

Reeves, Dr. Floyd W., chairman of the Advisory Committee on Education,

Federal Security Agency.

339

161

256

96

Robnett, George W., executive secretary, the Church League of America

Scott, C. H., president, Federal Education Legislature Agency, Inc.,

Washington, D. C. -

227

316

Sparkman, Hon. John J., Congressman from the State of Alabama

Studebaker, John W., United States Commissioner of Education_

Sutton, Dr. Willis A., superintendent of schools, Atlanta, Ga...

Trent, W. W., State superintendent of free schools of West Virginia

Vandiver, J. S., State superintendent of schools of the State of Mississippi

Wells, Jere A., superintendent of Fulton County schools, Fulton County,

Ga

204

268

131

258

242

246

Wilkerson, Dr. Doxey A., associate professor of education, Howard

University, Washington, D. C.-

307

Wilson, Hon. Earl, Congressman from the State of Indiana_-

179

Woodson, Howard D., chairman, Far Northeast Council of the District of

Columbia

225

Worrell, Mrs. Margaret H., representing the Columbia Heights Citizens

Association, Washington, D. C..

Zook, Dr. George F., president, American Council on Education__

342

152

STATEMENTS, ETC., SUBMITTED

Alabama Department of Education: Letter and analysis from.......

American Federation of Labor: Statement of...

American Federation of Teachers: Statement by Selma M. Borchardt,

legislative representative.

Page

378

362

357

American Library Association: Memorandum submitted by Forrest B.
Spaulding, chairman of the Federal relations committee of

363

Borchardt, Selma M., legislative representative of the American Federa-
tion of Teachers; statement of...

357

Collins, A. H., superintendent, Alabama Department of Education:
Letter received and analysis submitted.-

378

360

Curtis, Catherine, national chairman of the Mothers National Executive
Committee: Statement submitted..

Dawson, Howard A., director of rural service, National Education Asso-

ciation:

Memorandum submitted...

Appendix to memorandum on New Problems in Financing Negro

Education-Text of four recent court decisions affecting Negro

education_

Equal educational opportunities for Negroes_

New Problems in Financing Negro Education..

Progress of Public Education for Negroes in United States,

1870-1930........

Figure I. Percent of total population represented by Negroes,

1790-1930..

Figure II. Rates of increase in Negro population, 1870-1930-

Figure III. School attendance of the Negro population of

school age and the average United States population of

school age, 1850–1930..

Figure IV. School attendance for urban and rural population,

aged 5-20: 1930-United States average and Negroes..

Figure V. Illiteracy in the United States population (10 years

of age and over) for Negroes and all classes: 1870-1930__

Figure VI. Percentage of total Negro school enrollment in

high school, 1917-18 to 1931-32-1

Figure VII. Percentage increase in collegiate enrollment of

Negro men and women biennially from 1919-20 to 1931-32

over 1917-18.

Figure VIII. Distribution of Negro population: 1920-30.

Figure IX. Percentage of Negroes in total population of

each State: 1930_

Figure X. Regional Negro migration-Net change in Negro

population, 1920-30.

Graph showing expenditures for Negro and white schools,

1931-32

Graph showing standing of the Southern States in relation
to all States on ability to support education

Table 1. Number of Negroes attending school in United

States, 1850-1930...

Table 2. Approximate percentage changes in school attend-
ance of Negroes and of total school population, 1860-1930-

Table 3. Ratio of enrollment in public school to school popu-

lation in 18 States_

Table 4. Enrollments of colored and white pupils in second-

ary schools and percentage of increase in enrollment by

specific periods, 1892-1930...

67

Table 5. Negro high-school enrollment, numbers of gradu-

ates, and percentages graduates are of high-school enroll-

ment, 1930 (statistical schools) - -

Table 6. Number and percentage of Negro high-school gradu-

ates of 1939. by sex, who were continuing their education

in 1930 in 17 Southern States and the District of Columbia

Table 7. Receipts and expenditures for each student of

college grade in 17 Negro land-grant colleges and 17

white land-grant colleges in the same States, 1932-33....